Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of severe COVID-19 patients divided according to serum positivity to spike protein.
| Overall (n=23) | Spike-negative (n=16) | Spike-positive (n=7) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)* | 65.5 ± 13.4 | 67.2 ± 10.5 | 61.6 ± 19.0 | 0.368 |
| Male sex (%) | 15 (65.2) | 10 (62.5) | 5 (71.4) | 0.146 |
| Patients with positive RT-PCR at hospital admission (%) | 16 (69.6) | 9 (56.2) | 7 (100) | 0.057 |
| Length from symptom onset to hospital admission (days)* | 8.1 ± 4.1 | 9.1 ± 4.3 | 5.9 ± 2.6 | 0.084 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension (%) | 8 (47.8) | 3 (50) | 3 (42.9) | 0.752 |
| Cardiovascular (%) | 6 (26.1) | 4 (25) | 2 (28.6) | 0.857 |
| Diabetes (%) | 7 (30.4) | 5 (31.3) | 2 (28.6) | 0.898 |
| Obesity (%) | 4 (17.4) | 2 (12.5) | 2 (28.5) | 0.349 |
| Clinical and biochemical parameters | ||||
| BMI (Kg/m2)* | 26.5 ± 4.0 | 26.2 ± 4.3 | 27.1 ± 4.1 | 0.747 |
| WBC (cells/mL)* | 9315 ± 3264 | 9106 ± 3494 | 9870 ± 2756 | 0.637 |
| PLTs (cells/mL)* | 255826 ± 140194 | 264938 ± 130483 | 235000 ± 670248 | 0.575 |
| CRP (mg/dL)* | 12.2 ± 8.6 | 11.3 ± 8.0 | 14.6 ± 10.4 | 0.426 |
| LDH (U/L)* | 451 ± 308 | 348 ± 120 | 627 ± 449 | 0.054 |
| D-dimer (ng/mL)* | 3065 ± 8089 | 4013 ± 9442 | 600 ± 345 | 0.439 |
| PF (mmHg)* | 148 ± 47 | 147 ± 53 | 151 ± 26 | 0.271 |
| Complement components | ||||
| C5a (ng/ml)* | 41.4 ± 20.6 | 27.9 ± 13.0 | 60.4 ± 11.8 | 0.001 |
| sC5b-9 (ng/ml)* | 1137 ± 432 | 987 ± 292 | 1347 ± 539 | 0.164 |
| Patients receiving antithrombotic treatments before admission (%) | 7 (30.4) | 3 (18.7) | 4 (57.1) | 0.066 |
| Hospitalization length (days)* | 41.8 ± 33.7 | 46.8 ± 32.4 | 30.4 ± 36.3 | 0.293 |
| Deaths (%) | 7 (30.4) | 5 (31.3) | 2 (28.6) | 0.898 |
*mean ± S.D.
BMI, body mass index; CRP, c-reactive protein; LDH, lactate dehydrogenases; PF, PaO2/FiO2 ratio; PLTs, platelets; WBC, white blood cell.