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. 2022 Mar 17;42(1):06. doi: 10.35946/arcr.v42.1.06

Table 1.

Summary of Characteristics of 23 Included Studies

Article Study Period Analytic Unit Population and Age Group(s) MJ Policy Measure(s) Setting Alcohol Outcomes
Wen et al. (2015)48 2004–2012 Individual Youth (ages 12–20) Adults (age 21+) United States (all states)

  • 30 d alcohol use

  • Heavy or binge use

  • AUD

  • CAM use

  • SAM use
Mason et al. (2016)52 2010–2013 Individual Youth (grades 8–9)

  • RML

 Washington State

  • Initiation

  • 30 d alcohol use
Dills et al. (2017)47 1977–2015 Individual Youth (grade 12)

  • Decrim

  • MML/RML

 United States (48 states)

  • 30 d alcohol use

  • Lifetime use

  • DUIA
Kerr et al. (2017)55 2012–2016 Individual College students (ages 18–26)

  • RML

 Oregon, compared to unspecified number of states

  • Heavy or binge use

  • CAM use
Sabia et al. (2017)26 1990–2012 Individual All (age 18+) and some age-specific brackets

  • Decrim

  • MML

 United States (all states)

  • 30 d alcohol use

  • Heavy or binge use
Cerdá et al. (2018)50 1991–2015 Individual Youth (grades 8, 10, and 12)

  • MML

 United States (48 states)

  • Heavy or binge use
Johnson et al. (2018)49 1991–2011 Individual Youth (grades 9–12) United States (45 states)

  • 30 d alcohol use

  • Heavy or binge use

  • CAM use
Kerr et al. (2018)54 2008–2016 Individual College students (ages 18–26)

  • RML

 Oregon, compared to non-RML states

  • 30 d alcohol use
Sabia & Nguyen (2018)57 1990–2014 Individual Adults (ages 18–64) and some age-specific brackets

  • Decrim

  • MML*

 United States (all states)

  • 30 d alcohol use
Steinemann et al. (2018)69 1993–2015 State All

  • MML

 Hawaii

  • Crash fatalities with alcohol
Andreyeva & Ukert (2019)60 1993–2013 Individual Adults (ages 18+) United States (all states)

  • Heavy or binge use
Delling et al. (2019)63 2010–2014 State All

  • RML

 Colorado vs. New York & Oklahoma

  • Hospitalizations
Dragone et al. (2019)58 2010–2014 County/MSA; 3-year averages All (age 12+)

  • MML

  • RML

 Washington vs. Oregon

  • Any use

  • Heavy or binge use
Meinhofer et al. (2019)62 2002–2014 State Pregnant women (ages 12–49)

  • MML

 United States (48 states)

  • Treatment admissions
Alley et al. (2020)56 2008–2018 Individual College students (ages 18–26)

  • RML

 United States (48 states)

  • Heavy or binge use
Baggio et al. (2020)27 2006–2015 County All

  • Decrim

  • MML*

  • RML

 United States (48 states)

  • Sales
Bailey et al. (2020)51 2002–2011, 2015–2018 Individual Youth (under age 21)

  • RML

 Washington & Oregon

  • Any use
Coley et al. (2020)46 1999–2017 Individual Youth (mostly ages 14–18)

  • Decrim

  • MML

  • RML

 United States (47 states)

  • 30 d alcohol use
Conyers & Ayres (2020)64 2010–2016 5-digit ZIP code All Arizona

  • ED visits
Cook et al. (2020)53 2010–2017 City All (age 15+); ages 15–24; ages 25–44

  • Decrim

  • MML

 United States (large cities without MML or decrim by 2010)

  • Alcohol-involved crash fatalities
Fink et al. (2020)61 1991–1992, 2001–2002, 2012–2013 Individual Adults (age 18+)

  • MML

 United States (39 states)

  • DUIA

  • DUIAM
Hansen et al. (2020)28 2000–2016 State All (age 16+) Washington and Colorado, compared to non-RML states

  • Crash fatalities
Veligati et al. (2020)68 1990–2016 State All (age 14+)

  • MML*

  • RML

 United States (50 states)

  • Sales
*

Indicates if estimates were obtained for specific provisions of the laws (e.g., allowance for home cultivation) or implementation aspects (e.g., retail stores open).

Note: AUD, alcohol use disorder; CAM, concurrent alcohol and marijuana; Decrim, decriminalization; DUIA, driving under the influence of alcohol; DUIAM, driving under the influence of alcohol and marijuana; ED, emergency department; MJ, marijuana; MML, medical marijuana law; MSA, metropolitan statistical area; RML, recreational marijuana law; SAM, simultaneous alcohol and marijuana.