Table 1.

Sub-sample of data used in this study

Wider research study	Main research question	Sampling frame for wider study	Sub-sample of data on video consultations in general practice analysed for this paper	Key perspectives captured in sub-study dataset
Government-funded evaluation of ‘Near Me’ video consulting service in Scotland, 2019–20204	What can we learn from a national mixed-method evaluation about the knowledge, capabilities, and infrastructures needed to support the introduction and use of video consultations?	Primary and secondary care video consultation services in all 14 health boards in Scotland before and during the pandemic	27 interviews (two patients, 16 GPs, two other primary care clinicians, one clinical director, one manager, one technology supplier, four policymakers) plus focus group of seven GPs. Ethnographic field notes from site visits	Primary care staff and patients mostly living in rural and remote areas, supplied with a government-funded video consultation service
Research Council-funded case studies of in-pandemic remote general practice in England and Wales, 2020–2021 (‘Remote by Default 1’)11	How can technology support assessment and monitoring of patients at a distance? How can we achieve rapid spread and scale-up of remote-by-default models of primary care? How can we strengthen the NHS to support remote health care?	Video, phone, and e-consultation services in four locality-based study sites during the pandemic	39 interviews (19 GPs, eight other primary care clinicians, four GP support staff, six managers, one clinical commissioning group director, one technology supplier). Four focus groups involving four GPs, two other clinicians, three support staff, six patients, and three technology suppliers. Notes from study of technological artefacts	Primary care staff and patients from four contrasting localities (English coastal town, English university city, diverse inner-city English borough, Welsh town and surrounding region)
Charity-funded case studies of spread and scale-up of video consultations across UK (‘Health Foundation Video Consultation study’)5	How have the UK’s video consulting services spread and been scaled up in the context of COVID-19? What resources are needed to support and sustain them going forward? What are the consequences of rapid scale-up in times of crisis?	Primary and secondary care video consultation services (individual consultations and group clinics) in 11 study sites across England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland during the pandemic	10 primary care clinician interviews (nine GPs, one advanced nurse practitioner), 10 patient interviews, and two focus groups with 15 patients (most patient discussion of video related to their experiences in secondary care)	Primary care staff and patients selected from across UK to obtain mix of urban/rural, affluent/deprived, professional role, and experience of video consulting
TOTAL SAMPLE			55 GPs 11 other primary care clinicians Nine managers or directors Four support staff Four national policymakers Five technology industry 33 patients