Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and crude outcomes of the participants according to coefficient of variation in resting heart rate.
| Variable | Tertiles of CV in resting heart rate | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | ||
| CV of RHR, median (min–max) | 6.34 (0.00–7.76) | 9.16 (7.77–10.71) | 13.11 (10.71–82.27) | - |
| N | 3082 | 3082 | 3083 | - |
| Treatment | ||||
| Intensive, n (%) | 1492 (48.41%) | 1568 (50.88%) | 1573 (51.02%) | 0.070 |
| BMI(Kg/m2), median (Q1–Q3) | 28.94 (25.81–32.51) | 28.92 (25.94–33.09) | 29.19 (25.99–33.12) | 0.059 |
| Age, y | ||||
| Overall | 68.28 ± 9.28 | 67.44 ± 9.42 | 68.01 ± 9.50 | 0.001 |
| ≥75y, n (%) | 902 (29.27%) | 824 (26.74%) | 888 (28.80%) | 0.063 |
| Sex, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 1850 (60.03%) | 2018 (65.48%) | 2098 (68.05%) | |
| Female | 1232 (39.97%) | 1064 (34.52%) | 985 (31.95%) | |
| Race, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1863 (60.45%) | 1754 (56.91%) | 1733 (56.21%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 827 (26.83%) | 941 (30.53%) | 984 (31.92%) | |
| Hispanic | 332 (10.77%) | 322 (10.45%) | 318 (10.31%) | |
| Other | 60 (1.95%) | 65 (2.11%) | 48 (1.56%) | |
| Baseline blood pressure, mm Hg | ||||
| Systolic (mm Hg) | 139.35 ± 15.38 | 139.06 ± 15.30 | 140.57 ± 16.05 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic (mm Hg) | 77.73 ± 11.67 | 78.39 ± 11.71 | 78.25 ± 12.40 | 0.070 |
| Distribution of systolic blood pressure, n (%) | 0.030 | |||
| ≤ 132 mm Hg | 1050 (34.07%) | 1076 (34.91%) | 974 (31.59%) | |
| >132 to <145 mm Hg | 1007 (32.67%) | 994 (32.25%) | 1001 (32.47%) | |
| ≥145 mm Hg | 1025 (33.26%) | 1012 (32.84%) | 1108 (35.94%) | |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.04 ± 0.32 | 1.07 ± 0.33 | 1.11 ± 0.36 | <0.001 |
| Urine albumin/creatinine ratio, mg/g Cr, median (Q1–Q3) | 9.16 (5.50–19.40) | 9.38 (5.63–20.59) | 10.00 (5.77–24.01) | <0.001 |
| Estimated GFR, mL min−1 1.73 m−2, median (Q1–Q3) | 71.65 (59.16–84.47) | 72.23 (58.90–85.16) | 70.23 (56.18–84.21) | 0.001 |
| Fasting total cholesterol, mg/dL, median (Q1–Q3) | 187 (161–215) | 187 (162–214) | 186 (160–215) | 0.435 |
| Fasting total triglycerides, mg/dL, median (Q1–Q3) | 106 (75–148) | 108 (77–152) | 106 (78–150) | 0.190 |
| Fasting HDL cholesterol, mg/dL, median (Q1–Q3) | 50 (43–61) | 50 (43–60) | 50 (42–60) | 0.133 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL, median (Q1–Q3) | 97 (91–105) | 97 (90–105) | 97 (90–105) | 0.432 |
| Statin use, n (%) | 1335 (43.54%) | 1334 (43.55%) | 1346 (44.02%) | 0.913 |
| Aspirin use, n (%) | 1564 (50.76%) | 1549 (50.39%) | 1602 (52.10%) | 0.371 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Never smoked | 1445 (46.89%) | 1353 (43.90%) | 1274 (41.32%) | |
| Former smoker | 1299 (42.15%) | 1302 (42.25%) | 1342 (43.53%) | |
| Current smoker | 336 (10.90%) | 422 (13.69%) | 465 (15.08%) | |
| Framingham 10-y CVD risk score, %, median (Q1–Q3) | 17.10 (11.72–24.79) | 17.49 (11.64–25.68) | 18.59 (12.73–26.42) | <0.001 |
| No. of Antihypertensive agents | 1.78 ± 1.02 | 1.81 ± 1.04 | 1.92 ± 1.05 | <0.001 |
| Not using antihypertensive agents, n (%) | 305 (9.90%) | 315 (10.22%) | 252 (8.17%) | <0.001 |
| Composite cardiovascular outcomes | 127 (4.12%) | 155 (5.03%) | 271 (8.79%) | <0.001 |