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. 2022 Mar 7;9:850223. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.850223

Table 3.

Continuous Association between visit-to-visit heart rate variability and composite cardiovascular outcomes in different models.

VVHRV Hazard ratio (95%CI) P-value
Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
HRCV (per 1 CV increment) P for
interaction = 0.248
P for
interaction = 0.390
Total 1.05 (1.04, 1.06)
P < 0.001
1.04 (1.03, 1.05)
P < 0.001
1.04 (1.03, 1.05)
P < 0.001
Standard BP control 1.04 (1.02, 1.06)
P < 0.001
1.03 (1.01, 1.05)
P < 0.001
1.03 (1.01, 1.06)
P < 0.001
Intensive BP control 1.05 (1.04, 1.07)
P < 0.001
1.05 (1.03, 1.06)
P < 0.001
1.04 (1.03, 1.06)
P < 0.001

Model 1 adjusted for none.

Model 2 adjusted for age, sex, race.

Model 3 adjusted for age, sex, race, baseline systolic BP, baseline heart rate, smoking status, eGFR, serum creatinine, urine albumin/creatinine ratio, fasting triglycerides, Framingham 10-y CVD risk score, prior CVD and prior CKD.