TABLE 1.

Detected studies reporting potential antioxidative stress effects of berberine in CVDs.

Application	Experiment	Intervention measures	Model	Target	References
Coronary atherosclerosis	In vivo	Berberine	C57BL/6 mice and ApoE−/− mice	Inflammatory and oxidative markers (NF-κB, ICAM-1, IL-6, i-NOS)	Feng et al. (2017)
	In vivo	Berberine	Apoe−/− mice with hyperhomocysteinemia	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ)	Li H. et al. (2016)
	In vivo	Berberine	Male SHR and WKY rats	AMPK, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, COX-2	Liu et al. (2015)
	In vivo	Berberine	Male C57BLKS/J-Leprdb/Leprdb mice	AMPK	Jeong et al. (2009)
	In vitro	Berberine	The murine cell line J774A.1	AMPK/mTOR	Fan et al. (2015)
	In vitro	Berberine	Human umbilical vein endothelial cells	LDL, oxLDL	Hsieh et al. (2007)
	In vitro	Berberine	Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells	NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β	Jiang et al. (2017)
	In vitro	Berberine	The human acute monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1	oxLDL	Huang et al. (2013)
	In vitro	Berberine	Human umbilical vein endothelial cells	AMPK, eNOS, NOX4	Zhang et al. (2013)
	In vitro	Berberine	Human umbilical vein endothelial cell line and the human premonocytic cell line U937	Ang II	Ko et al. (2007)
	In vitro	Berberine	Raw 264.7 macrophages and 3T3-L1 adipocytes	AMPK	Jeong et al. (2009)
	In vitro	Berberine	Human umbilical vein endothelial cells	oxLDL, TNFα	Caliceti et al. (2017)
	In vitro	Berberine	Monocytic THP-1 cells, human monocyte line	NLRP3 and IL-1β	Liu et al. (2016)
Coronary atherosclerosis	In vitro	Berberine	Bone marrow cells, Human THP-1 cells, Murine 3T3L-1 cells	NLRP3 inflammasome	Zhou et al. (2017)
	clinical trials	Berberine (500 mg, daily)	Mild or moderate mixed hyperlipidemia patients	LDL and total triglycerides (TG)	Cicero et al. (2007)
	Clinical trials	Berberine capsules (900 mg/d for 3 months)	Patients with mild hyperlipidemia	Plasma total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C	Wang et al. (2016)
	Clinical trials	Berberine nutritional agents (containing Berberis aristata d.e. 588 mg)	Patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia	LDL-C	D’addato et al. (2017)
Myocardial infarction/Reperfusion	In vivo	Berberine	Sprague Dawley (SD) rats	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT	Qin-Wei and Yong-Guang, (2016)
	In vivo	Berberine	Male Wistar rats	AMPK and the AKT/GSK3b signaling pathway	Chang et al. (2016)
	In vivo	Berberine	Male Sprague-Dawley rats	Apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction	Wang et al. (2015)
	In vivo	Berberine	Male Sprague-Dawley rats	Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)	Yu et al. (2016)
	In vivo	Berberine	C57BL/6 mice	NF-κB and PI3K/AKT	Wang et al. (2018)
	In vitro	Berberine	H9C2 embryonic rat myocardium-derived cells	JAK2/STAT3	Zhao et al. (2016)
	In vitro	Berberine	H9C2 cardiomyocytes	Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)	Yu et al. (2016)
Myocardial infarction/Reperfusion	Clinical trials	Berberine (300 mg (tid) in addition to the therapy of the general group)	In acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients	The serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor and IL-6 levels	Li Y. et al. (2016b)
	Clinical trials	Berberine tablets (0.3 g/time, and three times/day)	Patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention	Plasma level of C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor α and IL-6	Qing et al. (2018)
Arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation)	In vivo	—	p47−/− mice; MsrA−/− mice; mice with genetic CaMKII inhibition	Oxidized CaMKII	Erickson et al. (2008), Swaminathan et al. (2011)
	In vivo	—	Male C57BL/6	Reactive oxygen species signaling	Yang X. et al. (2020)
	In vitro	—	Human Jurkat T cell line	Reactive oxygen intermediates/CaM kinases	Howe et al. (2004)
Heart failure	In vivo	—	Nampt transgenic mice	NAD+ synthesis	Hsu et al. (2009)
	In vivo	—	Male NOS3-null (NOS3−/−) mice and C57/BL6 WT mice	151	Takimoto et al. (2005)
	In vivo	—	p47phox−/− mice and WT mice	NAD(P)H Oxidase Subunit p47phox	Doerries et al. (2007)
	In vivo	—	SRFHKO and control (Sf/Sf) mice	NAD+	Diguet et al. (2018)
	In vivo	—	Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive/HF (SHHF) rat	Xanthine Oxidoreductase	Minhas et al. (2006)
	In vivo	—	Dogs	Xanthine oxidase	Ukai et al. (2001)
	In vitro	—	Primary cultures of cardiac myocyte	NAD+ and Sir2α deacetylase	Pillai et al. (2005)