Table 2.
Simple and multiple hierarchical linear regressions with random intercept and fixed slopes
| Variable | Simple regressions | Multiple regression | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | 95% CI | p | b | 95% CI | p | |
| Age | ||||||
| 18–24 | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||||
| 25–34 | 0.06 | (−0.03, 0.15) | .188 | −0.01 | (−0.10, 0.08) | .824 |
| 35–44 | 0.10 | (0.00, 0.21) | .048 | 0.04 | (−0.07, 0.14) | .505 |
| 45–54 | 0.02 | (−0.10, 0.15) | .728 | 0.01 | (−0.12, 0.14) | .890 |
| 55–64 | 0.16 | (0.01, 0.32) | .037 | 0.14 | (−0.02, 0.30) | .077 |
| ≥ 65 | 0.09 | (−0.15, 0.32) | .483 | 0.16 | (−0.08, 0.39) | .199 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||||
| Female | −0.22 | (−0.30, −0.15) | <.001 | −0.24 | (−0.31, −0.17) | <.001 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||||
| Married or cohabiting | 0.06 | (−0.01, 0.14) | .103 | 0.03 | (−0.05, 0.11) | .423 |
| Divorced or widowed | −0.08 | (−0.22, 0.06) | .271 | −0.05 | (−0.19, 0.09) | .481 |
| Had COVID-19 | ||||||
| No or maybe no | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||||
| Yes or maybe yes | 0.01 | (−0.07, 0.09) | .850 | 0.00 | (−0.08, 0.07) | .960 |
| Family member had COVID-19 | ||||||
| No | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||||
| Yes | 0.06 | (−0.01, 0.13) | .109 | 0.01 | (−0.06, 0.07) | .857 |
| Friend had COVID-19 | ||||||
| No | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||||
| Yes | 0.24 | (0.15, 0.32) | <.001 | 0.09 | (0.00, 0.17) | .039 |
| Exposure to COVID-19 information during 2 last weeks | ||||||
| 1–3 h | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||||
| 3–5 h | 0.28 | (0.18, 0.37) | <.001 | 0.16 | (0.08, 0.25) | <.001 |
| 5–7 h | 0.28 | (0.16, 0.40) | <.001 | 0.12 | (0.01, 0.23) | .037 |
| > 7 h | 0.28 | (0.19, 0.37) | <.001 | 0.14 | (0.06, 0.23) | .001 |
| Education | ||||||
| Secondary or lower | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||||
| At least some vocational school | 0.04 | (−0.12, 0.19) | .644 | 0.03 | (−0.11, 0.18) ( | .631 |
| At least some university | 0.32 | (0.21, 0.42) | <.001 | 0.23 | (0.13, 0.33) | <.001 |
| Lives with people at high risk | ||||||
| No | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||||
| Yes | 0.05 | (−0.02, 0.13) | .142 | −0.03 | (−0.09, 0.04) | .419 |
| Area | ||||||
| Urban | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||||
| Rural | −0.22 | (−0.33, −0.11) | <.001 | −0.14 | (−0.24, −0.04) | .007 |
| Has a chronic disease | ||||||
| No | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||||
| Yes | 0.17 | (0.08, 0.27) | <.001 | 0.09 | (0.00, 0.19) | .042 |
| Belief about COVID-19’s origin | ||||||
| Animal origin | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||||
| Lab leak | −0.70 | (−0.77, −0.64) | <.001 | −0.61 | (−0.67, −0.54) | <.001 |
| Main source of information on vaccines | ||||||
| Official sources, TV, family/friends, or other | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||||
| Social networking | −0.11 | (−0.21, −0.02) | .022 | −0.05 | (−0.14, 0.03) | .237 |
| Perceived probability of getting COVID-19 | ||||||
| Small, very small, or nonexistent | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||||
| Large, very large, or complete certainty | 0.32 | (0.25, 0.39) | <.001 | 0.16 | (0.09, 0.22) | <.001 |
| Perceived probability of dying from COVID-19 | ||||||
| Small, very small, or nonexistent | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||||
| Large, very large, or complete certainty | 0.23 | (0.16, 0.30) | <.001 | 0.00 | (−0.07, 0.07) | .924 |
| Perceived severity of COVID-19 | ||||||
| Very serious | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||||
| Serious or somewhat serious | −0.46 | (−0.53, −0.39) | <.001 | −0.30 | (−0.38, −0.23) | <.001 |
| Not serious at all | −2.53 | (−2.78, −2.27) | <.001 | −1.64 | (−1.91, −1.37) | <.001 |
| Worry about infecting others | ||||||
| Very much | Ref. group | Ref. group | ||||
| Quite a lot | −0.26 | (−0.34, −0.18) | <.001 | −0.17 | (−0.24, −0.09) | <.001 |
| Somewhat | −0.86 | (−0.99, −0.73) | <.001 | −0.63 | (−0.76, −0.50) | <.001 |
| Not at all | −1.68 | (−1.89, −1.47) | <.001 | −0.94 | (−1.16, −0.72) | <.001 |