Table 2.
Analyses reviewing effect of Vitamin D on COVID-19 infection, population-level studies.
| AUTHORS | COUNTRY | DESIGN | SAMPLE SIZE | CENTRE | UTCOME (S-SEVERITY/M- MORTALITY/ I-INCIDENCE) | Association (YES/NO) | EFFECT OF VITAMIN D ON COVID-19 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EKO | |||||||
| Moozhipurath RK et al (42) | Germany | EKO | 6524 | 152 | I | YES | Positive association. UVB radiation (indirect vitamin D) was associated with lower death rates and case fatality rates |
| Jüni P et al (43) | Canada | EKO | 375 609 | 144 | I | NO | No associations of epidemic growth of COVID-19 with latitude and temperature |
| Ilie et al (44) | UK | EKO | / | 20 | S,M | YES | Positive association. Significant correlation between low mean vitamin D levels for both COVID-19 fatalities and cases |
| Singh et al (45) | India | EKO | / | 20 | I | YES | Positive association. Significant inverse correlation between vitamin D levels and case rates |
| Notari A et al (46) | Spain | EKO | / | 50 | I | YES | Positive association. Lower mean annual levels of vitamin D were linearly related to increased COVID-19 infection risk |
| Li M et al (47) | USA | EKO | / | 154 | I | YES | Positive association, vitamin D was associated with reduced COVID-19 infection risk |
*EKO-Ecological study. S-severity, M-mortality, I-incidence