Table 4.
Risk of Exacerbation During the Three Year Follow Up, Accounting for Recurrent Events
| Hazard Ratio* | Lower 5% CI | Upper 95% CI | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GOLD B group | ||||
| B0 | Ref | |||
| B1 | 1.214 | 1.181 | 1.248 | <0.001 |
| Age | 1.004 | 1.003 | 1.006 | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | Ref | |||
| Female | 1.041 | 1.012 | 1.071 | 0.0051 |
| Cohabitation status | ||||
| Not cohabitating | Ref | |||
| Cohabitating | 1.079 | 1.050 | 1.110 | <0.001 |
| mMRC symptom score | ||||
| 2 | Ref | |||
| 3 | 1.055 | 1.023 | 1.087 | <0.001 |
| 4 | 1.145 | 1.100 | 1.191 | <0.001 |
| FEV1 (% predicted) | ||||
| 80+ | Ref | |||
| 50–79 | 1.074 | 0.984 | 1.173 | 0.1095 |
| 30–49 | 1.265 | 1.160 | 1.381 | <0.001 |
| <30 | 1.420 | 1.297 | 1.555 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| <18 | Ref | |||
| 18–24 | 0.916 | 0.873 | 0.961 | <0.001 |
| 25–29 | 0.875 | 0.832 | 0.920 | <0.001 |
| 30–34 | 0.853 | 0.807 | 0.901 | <0.001 |
| 35+ | 0.893 | 0.839 | 0.951 | <0.001 |
| Smoking | ||||
| Smoking present | Ref | |||
| Never smoked | 0.853 | 0.807 | 0.901 | <0.001 |
| Smoking earlier | 0.893 | 0.839 | 0.951 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidity (CCI) | 1.010 | 0.994 | 1.027 | 0.2306 |
Note: *Adjusted for age, sex, cohabitation status, comorbidity, BMI and smoking.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence Interval; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council; FEV1, forced expired volume in the first second; BMI, body mass index.