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. 2022 Jan 14;28(3):472–476. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-01700-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a, Representative flow cytometry plots showing spike-specific CD8⁺ T cell responses (CD69⁺CD137⁺) to peptide pools representing wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (WT) or B.1.1.529. b, Frequencies of all spike-specific CD8⁺ T cells in BNT162b2-vaccinated, convalescent and seronegative individuals. Numbers indicate median reduction in the frequency of detected responses. Comparisons used two-sided Wilcoxon signed rank tests. c, Stimulation indices calculated as fold change in frequency relative to the negative control. Numbers indicate the percentage of individuals with a detectable response. d, Cross-reactive responses depicted on an individual basis as percentage B.1.1.529/wild-type. e, Canonical memory differentiation profiles of spike-specific CD8⁺ T cells with representative gating and dot plots showing the distribution of subsets across individuals with detectable responses. f, Functional profiles of spike-specific CD8⁺ T cells in BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals with representative gating and pie charts showing the mean frequency for each combination. Polyfunctional responses were compared using a permutation test. Data in bar charts are shown as mean ± 95% confidence intervals, and data in dot plots are shown as median ± interquartile range. Each dot represents one donor. GrzB, granzyme B; NS, not significant.