Table 3.
Symptom overlap between ASD and CHR-P
| Symptoms | ASD | CHR-P | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms present before 3 years (early developmental period) | +++ | – | In ASD, symptoms typically appear during pre-school years |
| Emergence of symptoms in adolescence or young adulthood | – | +++ | Not seen in ASD. CHR-P usually appears in 12–35-year-olds individuals |
| Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity | +++ | + | Core ASD symptom. May appear in CHR-P |
| Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviours | +++ | + | Core ASD symptom. May appear in CHR-P |
| Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships | +++ | + | Core ASD symptom. May appear in CHR-P |
| Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech | +++ | ++ | Core symptom in ASD. May appear in CHR-P |
| Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualised patterns of behaviour | +++ | + | Core symptom in ASD. Rituals may occasionally appear in CHR-P |
| Highly restricted, fixated interests | +++ | + | Core symptom in ASD. Uncommon in CHR-P |
| Hyper or hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of environment | +++ | – | Core symptom in ASD. Does not typically appear in CHR-P |
| Unusual thought content | + | +++ | Core symptom in CHR-P. May appear in ASD associated with a circumscribed intense interest |
| Thought interference | – | +++ | Core symptom in CHR-P. Not typical in ASD |
| Thought perseveration | ++ | +++ | Core symptom in CHR-P. May appear in ASD |
| Thought pressure | – | ++ | Frequent in CHR-P. Not typical in ASD |
| Thought blockages | – | ++ | Frequent in CHR-P. Not typical in ASD |
| Suspiciousness | + | +++ | Core symptom in CHR-P. May appear in ASD, particularly in those who misconstrue social cues |
| Unstable ideas of reference | – | +++ | Frequent in CHR-P. Not typical in ASD |
| Perceptual abnormalities | + | +++ | Core symptom in CHR-P. May appear in ASD as part of ‘imaginary friends’ since early life and not a new phenomenon |
| Visual perception disturbances | + | ++ | Core symptom in CHR-P. May appear in ASD due to sensory issues |
| Acoustic perception disturbances | + | +++ | Core symptom in CHR-P. May appear in ASD due to sensory hyperresponsivity but is not a new-onset phenomenon |
| Decreased ability to discriminate between ideas, perception, fantasy and true memories | + | ++ | Frequent in CHR-P. May appear in ASD |
| Derealisation | – | ++ | Frequent in CHR-P. Not typical in ASD |
| Disorganised communication | + | +++ | Core symptom in CHR-P. May appear in ASD |
| Disturbance of expressive speech | ++ | ++ | Core symptom in CHR-P. May appear in ASD |
| Disturbance of receptive speech | +++ | +++ | Core symptom in CHR-P and ASD |
| Grandiose ideas | – | +++ | Core symptom in CHR-P. Not typically present in ASD |
| Disturbances of abstract thinking | +++ | ++ | Core symptom in ASD. May appear in CHR-P |
| Inability to divide attention | ++ | ++ | May appear in ASD and CHR-P |
| Captivation of attention by details of the visual field | +++ | ++ | Core symptom in ASD. May appear in CHR-P |
| Mannerism | +++ | + | Core symptom in ASD. May appear in CHR-P |
| Stereotypy | +++ | + | Core symptom in ASD. May appear in CHR-P |
| Agitation not influenced by external stimuli | ++ | ++ | Frequently reported in ASD and CHR-P |
ASD autism spectrum disorder, CHR-P clinical high risk for psychosis