Figure 5.

DPR-induced mislocalisation of TDP-43 and Ran occur together. (A–D) HeLa cells co-transfected with mCherry-tagged human TDP-43 (red) and GFP-tagged DPR constructs or empty pEGFP-N1 vector as a GFP-only control were fixed and stained 48 h post-transfection. Ran was stained using a Cy5-conjugated antibody (purple). Cells exhibiting DPR-induced TDP-43 mislocalisation typically also exhibited mislocalisation of Ran to the cytoplasm. Scale bars indicate 15 μm. (E) The mean percentage of cells with abnormal TDP-43 that also exhibited abnormal Ran localisation was significantly increased by GA₁₀₂₀ (P = 0.0044), GR₁₁₃₆ (P < 0.0003), and PR₁₁₀₀ (P = 0.0009). n = 3, with a minimum of 30 cells analysed for each independent replicate. Data was analysed by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. Error bars indicate SEM.