Table 2.

The summary of the advantages and disadvantages of each nano-carriers with their variable size

Np Type	Size	Advantage	Disadvantage	Ref
Polymeric Nanoparticles		Biodegradable, biocompatible, Efficacious distribution of both water-soluble and insoluble medications.	Cytotoxicity, Organizational heterogeneity as reproduced by high polydispersity index.	[229]
Nanospheres	100-200 nm	Significant external to volume ratio, Measured release of insoluble actives.	Absence of Stability of some actives, High manufacture expenditure.	[230-232]
Nanocapsules	5-1000 nm	The usage of natural polymers such as polysaccharides and proteins can rise bioavailability and biodegradability.	Extensive dispersal of condensed actives, a purification procedure is required after the synthesis of nanocapsules.	[232-234]
Dendrimers	1-100 nm	Functionalization of outlying groups control solubilization and permits targeted delivery of load-Appropriate for combining lipophilic and lipophobic cargo.	Toxicity linked with surface amin groups-Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, biodegradation, and chronic toxicity of PAMAM is not understood yet.	[235]
Micelles	20--100 nm	Self-assembling, thermodynamic constancy, targeting potent.	Selection of appropriate surfactants.	[236]
Polymersomes	100 nm to a few μm	highly adaptable and biologically steady systems and their overall possessions and drug encapsulation and release competencies can be effortlessly tuned by applying numerous block copolymers that are biodegradable and/or stimuli-responsive.	More clinical studies are vital for its formation as gold standard avenues.	[237]
Solid lipid Nanoparticles	50--100 nm	Progresses solubility in water of hydrophobic cargo, Hydrophilic cargo conceivable, Relatively low-cost manufacture, Biocompatible/biodegradable, Possible production scaling-up.	Recrystallization danger and little encapsulation load, High water content in dispersals (70-99.9%), Premature cargo release during storing.	[238,239]
Liposomes	30 nm to a few μm	Effective delivery of both water-soluble and insoluble drugs, simply tailored size and carrying capacity, Significant construction.	Swift release, Petite shelf lives, Variability, clearance to reticuloendothelial structure.	[229,240,241]
Metal Nanoparticles	1 nm to a few hundreds of nm	Uniformity in scope, shape, and branch length Tuned p harmacokinetics and biodistribution Augmented surface area, enlarged loading Targeting is achieved.	Poisonous effects on the body.	[229,235]
Carbon Nanotubes	About 0.7 nm	Multiple roles Chemical alteration Water soluble and biocompatible Efficient cargo.	Poisonousness.	[235]
Ceramic Nanoparticles	1--100 nm	Do not swell or change porosity and are steady at numerous pH and temperatures.	Sluggish biodegradation or non-degradation.	[242,243]
Human serum albumin (HSA) Nanoparticles	66.5 kDa	Low toxicity, biodegradability, reproducibility, manageable release, and numerous drug binding sites.	the potential risk of pathogen contamination (e.g., HIV, hepatitis, CJD), side effects.	[219,221]

Overall, the benefits overcome the drawbacks; however, the extended use of some nanoparticles is limited due to the toxicity.