Figure 3.

Effect size of genetic variants. The population frequency of genetic variants is depicted against their effect size. (A) Rare variants are more likely to impart larger effect sizes then (C) common variants, which typically impart small (or clinically negligible) effects. Rare variants (A) with very large effect sizes cause single-gene diseases, multiple uncommon variants with moderate effect sizes (B) cause oligogenic diseases and a very large number of common variants (C) are responsible for diseases with more complex genetic contributions. Adapted from Marian et al, 68(25);2016.