Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of RISE trial participants by treatment group
| Facility-based care group (n=87) | CBR plus facility-based care group (n=79) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Participant | |||
| Sex | |||
| Male | 51 (59%) | 52 (66%) | |
| Female | 36 (41%) | 27 (34%) | |
| Age, years (median [IQR]) | 33 (25–40) | 30 (25–45) | |
| Marital status* | |||
| Single | 41/80 (51%) | 38/75 (51%) | |
| Has a partner (married or married but not living together) | 26/80 (33%) | 25/75 (33%) | |
| Separated, divorced, or widowed | 13/80 (16%) | 12/75 (16%) | |
| Occupation | |||
| No occupation | 15 (17%) | 9 (11%) | |
| Home worker | 33 (38%) | 27 (34%) | |
| Unskilled labourer | 34 (39%) | 42 (53%) | |
| Other | 5 (6%) | 1 (1%) | |
| Education status* | |||
| No formal education | 46/80 (58%) | 36/75 (48%) | |
| Primary education | 22/80 (28%) | 35/75 (47%) | |
| Secondary education and above | 12/80 (15%) | 4/75 (5%) | |
| Socioeconomic status* | |||
| Higher (poverty index ≤3) | 42/80 (53%) | 47/74 (64%) | |
| Lower (poverty index >3) | 38/80 (48%) | 27/74 (36%) | |
| Residence* | |||
| Urban | 11/80 (14%) | 8/74 (11%) | |
| Rural | 69/80 (86%) | 66/74 (89%) | |
| Travel time to nearest health facility* | |||
| ≤60 mins | 51/80 (64%) | 48/75 (64%) | |
| 61–120 mins | 13/80 (16%) | 17/75 (23%) | |
| ≥121 mins | 16/80 (20%) | 10/75 (13%) | |
| Diagnosis | |||
| Schizophrenia | 70 (80%) | 68 (86%) | |
| Schizoaffective or schizophreniform disorder | 17 (20%) | 11 (14%) | |
| Duration of illness in years* (median [IQR]) | 4 (1·9–9); n=64 | 3·7 (1·5–7·3); n=55 | |
| Comorbid medical disorder* | |||
| No | 69/76 (91%) | 69/72 (96%) | |
| Yes | 7/76 (9%) | 3/72 (4%) | |
| Proxy-rated total WHODAS (mean [SD]) | 52·6 (23·6) | 50·2 (23·6) | |
| BPRSE total (mean [SD]) | 47·2 (13·4); n=85 | 48·9 (14·2); n=75 | |
| CGI | |||
| Normal or borderline score | 6 (7%) | 2 (3%) | |
| At least mildly ill (score ≥3) | 81 (93%) | 77 (97%) | |
| Illness course lasting 6 months (LCS) | |||
| Episodic | 3 (3%) | 4 (5%) | |
| Continuous | 66 (76%) | 66 (84%) | |
| Never psychotic | 18 (21%) | 9 (11%) | |
| Antipsychotic medication adherence | |||
| All or most of the time | 35/83 (42%) | 36/77 (47%) | |
| Sometimes, occasionally, or not at all | 48/83 (58%) | 41/77 (53%) | |
| Engagement with care | |||
| No healthcare attendance and no medication adherence | 32/83 (39%) | 30/77 (39%) | |
| Either healthcare attendance or medication adherence | 23/83 (28%) | 17/77 (22%) | |
| Healthcare attendance and medication adherence | 28/83 (34%) | 30/77 (39%) | |
| AUDIT total ≥8 | |||
| No | 70/86 (81%) | 58/74 (78%) | |
| Yes | 16/86 (19%) | 16/74 (22%) | |
| Restrained last 6 months | |||
| No | 82 (94%) | 75 (95%) | |
| Yes | 5 (6%) | 4 (5%) | |
| Any experience of discrimination last 6 months | |||
| No | 40 (46%) | 38 (48%) | |
| Yes | 47 (54%) | 41 (52%) | |
| Unemployed | |||
| No | 32 (37%) | 38 (48%) | |
| Yes | 55 (63%) | 41 (52%) | |
| Social support | |||
| Poor | 23 (26%) | 35 (44%) | |
| Intermediate | 49 (56%) | 31 (39%) | |
| Strong | 15 (17%) | 13 (17%) | |
| Caregiver | |||
| Mean total IEQ score (mean [SD]) | 40·1 (16·0) | 40·7 (19·4) | |
| PHQ-9 score ≥5 | |||
| No | 57 (66%) | 36 (46%) | |
| Yes | 30 (34%) | 43 (54%) | |
| Unemployed | |||
| No | 55 (63%) | 43 (54%) | |
| Yes | 32 (37%) | 36 (46%) | |
| Sub-district | |||
| Location | |||
| Urban | 1/24 (4%) | 2/24 (8%) | |
| Rural | 23/24 (96%) | 22/24 (92%) | |
| Baseline number of participants (median [IQR]) | 3 (1·5–4·5) | 2·5 (1–5) | |
| Proxy-rated total WHODAS (median [IQR]) | 52·8 (45·2–61·1) | 54·1 (41·4–62·4) | |
Data are n or n/N (%) unless otherwise indicated. Percentage totals might not equal 100% due to rounding. CBR=community-based rehabilitation. WHODAS=World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule. BPRSE=Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale Expanded. CGI=Clinical Global Impression scale. LCS=Life Chart Schedule. AUDIT=Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test. IEQ=Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire. PHQ-9=Patient Health Questionairre-9.
*
Data collected at PRIME cohort study baseline.