Table 1.

Overview of existing literature reviews of information and communication technology (ICT) interventions.

Source	Years included in the review	Problem investigated	Included customized solutions	Purpose of ICT intervention covered (Research question 1)	Types of ICT interventions (part of research question 2)
Baker et al [10]	2000 to August 2016	Social participation and reducing social isolation	Yes (23 out of 36 included studies)	Not covered	Touch screen technology Social networking services Adaptation of existing technology platforms Use of games ICT training
Chen and Schulz [11]	2002 to 2015	Social isolation (but included both loneliness and social isolation)	Yes (3 out of 25 included studies)	Not covered	General ICT use Social networking services Telephone befriending Video games Virtual pet
Ibarra et al [12]	Until January 2020	Social isolation and loneliness	Yes (10 out of 25 included studies)	Not covered	General internet use for interaction (eg, discussions in forums) and email Video chat Social networks Virtual spaces or classrooms with messaging capabilities Messaging services Virtual companions Phone calls
Khosravi et al [20]	2000 to 2015	Social isolation and loneliness	Yes (6 out of 34 included studies)	Not covered	General ICT use Video game Robotics Personal reminder information and social management system Asynchronous peer support chat room Social networking sites Telecare 3D virtual environment
Noone et al [21]	2004 to April 7, 2020	Social isolation and loneliness	Not included	Not covered	Only 1—videoconferencing
Choi et al [22]	2001 to July 2012	Loneliness	Not included	Not covered	Not categorized but included only computer training and general ICT use studies
Casanova et al [23]	2002 to 2019	Loneliness	Not included	Not covered	Not categorized but included only general ICT use, computer training, and social network studies