Table 2.
Characteristics of Invasive GAS Patients With Documented IDU Only, Homelessness Only, Both, or Neither—Active Bacterial Core Surveillance, 2010–2017
| Neither Risk Factor (N = 10 807) |
IDU Only (N = 683) |
Homelessness Only (N = 531) |
Both IDU and Homelessness (N = 365) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) |
| Age (years) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Mean (range) | 53 (0–106) | 38 (17–72) | 51 (18–85) | 38 (19–73) |
|
| ||||
| <18 | 10.3 (9.7–10.9) | .2 (.0–.8) | 0 (0–.7) | 0 (0–1.0) |
|
| ||||
| 18–34 | 11.2 (10.6–11.8) | 473 (43.5–51.1) | 10.0 (7.6–12.9) | 46.9 (41.6–52.1) |
|
| ||||
| 35–49 | 18.0 (17.3–18.7) | 31.8 (28.3–35.4) | 27.5 (23.7–31.5) | 37.0 (32.0–42.2) |
|
| ||||
| 50–64 | 26.2 (25.3–27.0) | 19.0 (16.2–22.2) | 51.8 (474–56.1) | 14.8 (11.3–18.9) |
|
| ||||
| ≥65 | 34.4 (33.5–35.3) | 1.8 (.9–3.0) | 10.7 (8.2–13.7) | 1.4 (.4–3.2) |
|
| ||||
| Sexa | ||||
|
| ||||
| Male | 53.9 (53.0–54.9) | 51.1 (473–54.9) | 77.0 (73.4–80.7) | 59.5 (54.2–64.5) |
|
| ||||
| Female | 46.1 (45.1–47.0) | 48.9 (45.1–52.7) | 22.8 (19.3–26.6) | 40.6 (35.5–45.8) |
|
| ||||
| Race | ||||
|
| ||||
| White | 64.6 (63.7–65.5) | 78.3 (75.0–81.4) | 62.2 (579–66.3) | 73.7 (68.9–78.1) |
|
| ||||
| Black | 15.3 (14.6–16.0) | 7.6 (5.7–9.9) | 16.4 (13.3–19.8) | 11.2 (8.2–14.9) |
|
| ||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 4.9 (4.5–5.3) | 2.5 (1.5–4.0) | 5.3 (3.5–7.5) | 2.2 (.10–4.3) |
|
| ||||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 3.5 (3.2–3.9) | 1.3 (.6–2.5) | 2.3 (1.2–3.9) | 1.4 (.4–3.2) |
|
| ||||
| Other/Unknown | 11.7 (11.1–12.3) | 10.3 (8.1–12.8) | 13.9 (11.1–17.2) | 11.5 (8.4–15.2) |
|
| ||||
| Ethnicity | ||||
|
| ||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 11.1 (10.5–11.7) | 16.1 (13.4–19.1) | 13.9 (11.1–17.2) | 12.6 (9.4–16.5) |
|
| ||||
| Non-Hispanic/Latino | 65.5 (64.6–66.4) | 64.9 (61.1–68.4) | 71.6 (67.5–75.4) | 71.2 (66.3–75.8) |
|
| ||||
| Unknown | 23.4 (22.6–24.2) | 19.0 (16.2–22.2) | 14.5 (11.6–17.8) | 16.2 (12.5–20.3) |
|
| ||||
| Residence at time of initial cultureb | ||||
|
| ||||
| Private residence | 91.7 (91.5–92.5) | 94.6 (92.6–96.2) | N/A | N/A |
|
| ||||
| Long-term care facility | 6.5 (6.1–7.1) | 1.2 (.5–2.3) | N/A | N/A |
|
| ||||
| Long-term acute care facility | .2 (.1–.3) | .2 (0–.8) | N/A | N/A |
|
| ||||
| Incarcerated | .4 (.3–.5) | 1.5 (.7–2.7) | N/A | N/A |
|
| ||||
| Other | .9 (.7–1.1) | 2.6 (1.6–4.1) | N/A | N/A |
|
| ||||
| Insurance typec | ||||
|
| ||||
| Private | 45.4 (44.4–46.4) | 22.3 (19.2–25.8) | 6.8 (4.7–9.3) | 16.8 (13.0–21.1) |
|
| ||||
| Medicare | 37.6 (36.6–38.5) | 11.4 (9.0–14.1) | 19.3 (15.9–23.0) | 6.0 (3.7–9.0) |
|
| ||||
| Medicaid | 28.9 (28.0–29.8) | 60.5 (56.6–64.3) | 70.0 (65.8–74.0) | 70.9 (65.9–75.6) |
|
| ||||
| Otherd | 7.0 (6.5–7.5) | 5.0 (3.4–7.0) | 6.4 (4.4–8.9) | 3.7 (2.0–6.3) |
|
| ||||
| None | 5.3 (4.9–5.8) | 16.7 (13.9–19.8) | 12.1 (9.4–15.3) | 15.4 (11.8–19.6) |
|
| ||||
| Unknown | 5.2 (4.8–5.7) | 3.6 (2.3–5.3) | 3.8 (2.3–5.8) | 2.9 (1.4–5.2) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GAS, group A Streptococcus infection; IDU, injection drug use; N/A, not applicable.
Data on sex were missing from 2 cases in an individual with GAS without documented risk factors and 1 case in an individual with documentation of homelessness in their medical record.
Data on residence were missing from 41 cases in individuals with GAS without risk factors.
Insurance variable added in 2011; n’s are accordingly lower than those for variables with data collected for a longer period (neither risk factor: N = 9666; IDU only: N = 640, homelessness only: N = 503: both IDU and homelessness: N = 351). Individuals could have more than 1 type of insurance coverage.
Other = military insurance, Indian Health Service, prison, and other. Prison insurance added in 2012.