Table 3.
Degree of discrimination reported by US medical school graduates, according to their sex, race or ethnicity, sexual orientation, and unique identity group (n=30 651)*
| Characteristic | No reported experiences of discrimination (n=19 921, 76.7%) |
Isolated experiences of discrimination (n=3005, 11.6%) |
Recurrent experiences of one type of discrimination (n=1928, 7.4%) |
Recurrent experiences of multiple types of discrimination (n=1111, 4.3%) |
P value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||
| Male (n=15 866) | 13 371 (84.3) | 1234 (7.8) | 719 (4.5) | 542 (3.4) | P<0.001 |
| Female (n=14 785) | 9978 (67.5) | 2371 (16.0) | 1561 (10.6) | 875 (5.9) | |
| Race and ethnicity | |||||
| White (n=18 335) | 14 355 (78.3) | 1938 (10.6) | 1422 (7.8) | 620 (3.4) | P<0.001 |
| Non-white (n=12 315) | 8995 (73.0) | 1667 (13.5) | 858 (7.0) | 797 (6.5) | |
| Sexual orientation | |||||
| Heterosexual (n=28 843) | 22 444 (77.8) | 3253 (11.3) | 2059 (7.1) | 1086 (3.8) | P<0.001 |
| Lesbian, gay, or bisexual (n=1808) | 906 (50.1) | 352 (19.5) | 220 (12.2) | 331 (18.3) | |
| Unique identity group | |||||
| Male; white; heterosexual (n=9392) | 8387 (89.3) | 484 (5.2) | 355 (3.8) | 167 (1.8) | P<0.001 |
| Male; non-white; heterosexual (n=5424) | 4403 (81.2) | 538 (9.9) | 258 (4.8) | 224 (4.1) | |
| Male; white; lesbian, gay, or bisexual (n=626) | 357 (56.9) | 132 (21.1) | 67 (10.7) | 71 (11.3) | |
| Female; white; heterosexual (n=7857) | 5409 (68.8) | 1231 (15.7) | 922 (11.7) | 295 (3.8) | |
| Male; non-white; lesbian, gay, or bisexual (n=424) | 224 (53.0) | 80 (18.8) | 39 (9.2) | 81 (19.0) | |
| Female; non-white; heterosexual (n=6170) | 4245 (68.8) | 1000 (16.2) | 525 (8.5) | 400 (6.5) | |
| Female; white; lesbian, gay, or bisexual (n=459) | 203 (44.1) | 91 (19.7) | 79 (17.1) | 88 (19.1) | |
| Female; non-white; lesbian, gay, or bisexual (n=299) | 122 (40.9) | 49 (16.5) | 36 (12.0) | 92 (30.6) |
Data are number (%) of students unless stated otherwise.
*
Row percentages might not add to 100% owing to rounding.
†
P value for χ2 test of the association between each sociodemographic variable and the four level mistreatment variable. P values for unique identity groups are compared to the reference group of male, white, and heterosexual medical graduates.