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. 2022 Mar 21;17:131. doi: 10.1186/s13023-022-02278-w

Table 11.

Summary of autonomic problems found in patients with MDS reported in the literature; NR = not reported

Feature Males
n/N
Females
n/N
Total
n/N (%)
References
Breath holding 1/20 1/1 2/21 (10%) [5, 27]
Episodes of hyperventilation 1/1 NR 1/1 (100%) [46]
Episodes of hypoventilation 2/4 NR 2/4 (50%) [24, 81]
Vasomotor troubles 58/100 (58%) [77, 78, 84]
 Livedo of the limbs 36/43 2/6 38/49 (78%) [7, 11, 43, 77]
 Cold hands and/or feet/problems regulating body temperature 4/15 NR 4/15 (33%) [12, 18, 32]