A	Self-efficacy	The patient’s self-efficacy is confidence in his or her ability to perform tasks. It is drawn from a five-item scale. Feedback options range from 0 (completely not confident) to 5 (completely confident). Respondents who scored 4 or higher were classified as having good self-efficacy, and if they scored below 4, it was considered poor self-efficacy [34]
B	Social support	Social support is when the patient has friends and others, including family, present in times of need or crisis to give them a bigger picture and a positive image of themselves. The Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS) was used to measure social support. The MSPSS is a 12-item measure that rates the adequacy of social support on a 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree. Total score from 12 to 84; with scores higher and equal to 64 indicates better (good) social support [36]
C	Self-care practice	Self-care practice was assessed using the impact of hypertension-related self-care activity level [29]. The H-SCALE is a self-report questionnaire that includes six categories of self-care behaviors, which include medication adherence, a low-salt diet, physical activity, smoking cessation, weight management, and abstinence from alcohol. Good self-care practices are considered when the patient scores average or higher on the H-SCALE questions
D	Medication adherence	Three items were used to evaluate adherence to the prescribed medication. Then add the answer to each item with a score range of 0 to 21. Participants scoring 21 points are considered adherent [37]
E	Blood pressure (BP) monitoring	Good blood pressure monitoring was considered when BP was measured one time per month and more than once per month for uncontrolled BP [38]
F	Diet quality	Diet quality was assessed based on the 11-item Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension Quality (DASH-Q) scale. These factors allow us to evaluate healthy food intake related to the nutritional content of the DASH diet. Responses were summarized and ranged from 0 to 77. A score of fewer than 32 was considered poor diet quality. A score of 33–51 corresponds to the average quality of the diet and a score of 52 or higher corresponds to good diet quality [39]
G	Physical activity	Physical activity was assessed on two items and summarized responses on ranges from 0 to 14 score. Participants with a score of 8 or higher were considered to comply with the physical activity recommendations [40, 41]
H	Weight management	The patient’s weight management over the past 30 days was rated on a 10-item scale. Response categories range from strongly disagree [1] to strongly agree [5]. Summarize the responses to calculate a score in the 10–50 range. Participants reporting a score of 40 or higher were considered adherent to good weight management practices [33, 42]
I	Alcohol intake	The amount of alcohol consumed was evaluated on a 3-item scale. The participant who stated that they did not drink alcohol at all in the last 7 days, or generally did not drink alcohol at all, are considered abstainers [43]
J	Knowledge	Hypertension evaluation of lifestyle and management (HELM) scale was used to assess the knowledge of respondents. If a participant answers above the median knowledge question, it is considered “knowledgeable” or good knowledge [32]
K	Attitude	A “favorable attitude” is considered when a patient answers a question about attitude with an average or higher score