Table 1.
Summary of the experimental approaches and populations studied which implicate SCRD with onset of T2DM
| Investigative approach linking T2DM with abnormal sleep patterns | Advantages to the approach | Disadvantages to the approach | Examples of studies using this approach |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lab‐based sleep deprivation in humans |
1. Directly link sleep loss with symptoms of T2DM 2. Can control food intake or other variables 3. Can measure sleep duration rather than using self‐reports |
1. Cannot be conducted for long periods of time 2. Small sample size with over‐representation of the Caucasian population 3. Mostly studies done in the lab which may affect normal sleep patterns of participants |
Spiegel et al. 11 Spiegel et al. 9 Tsali et al. 10 |
| Lab‐based sleep deprivation in rodents |
1. Directly link sleep loss with symptoms of T2DM 2. Can control food intake or other variables 3. Can be conducted chronically to assess effects of sleep loss |
1. Animal models may not fully translate to humans 2. Protocols keeping rodents awake vary widely 3. Time‐consuming and expensive to do so only small number of animals used |
Xu et al. 22 Barf et al. 23 |
| Epidemiological data for sleep duration or quality |
1. Very large sample sizes representing populations all over the world 2. Assesses sleep duration over long periods of time |
1. Mostly relies on self‐reported sleep duration which may be unreliable 2. Difficult to control for confounding factors, e.g., changes in appetite |
Liu et al. 12 Shan et al. 13 Muraki et al. 16 |
| Epidemiological data in night shift workers |
1. Large sample size with diverse populations 2. Assesses sleep duration over long periods of time 3. Less reliant on the self‐reported sleeping times |
1. Difficult to control for confounding factors, e.g., psychological factors or changes in appetite 2. Literature over‐represents certain jobs, especially nurses |
Gan et al. 17 Pan et al. 18 Vetter et al. 19 |
| Epidemiological data in social jet lag sufferers | 1. SJL is very common so results can be translated clinically more easily |
1. Relies on self‐reported sleeping and wake times 2. Difficult to control for confounding factors as SJL affects appetite etc. |
Koopman et al. 20 |
Abbreviations: SCRD, sleep and circadian rhythm disruption; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.