Comparison 1. Lycopene versus control.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Incidence of prostate cancer	1	40	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.33 [0.08, 1.46]
2 PSA levels (ng/mL)	2	114	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.34 [‐2.01, 1.32]
3 Decrease in PSA levels	1	77	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.03 [0.32, 3.26]
4 Increase in PSA levels	1	40	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.67 [0.29, 1.52]
5 Prostate symptom score (IPSS)	1	37	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.20 [‐2.66, 3.06]
6 Incidence of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia	1	40	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.33 [0.34, 5.21]
7 Lycopene levels (µg/mL)	2	114	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.39 [‐0.19, 0.98]