Table 2.
Descriptive results from the cognitive tasks in experienced non-pathological poker gamblers (EG) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 60)
| Cognitive tasks | Variables of interest | EG group (n = 30) Mean (sd) |
HC group (n = 30) Mean (sd) |
|
| Go/No-Go task | Number of commission errors (n = 59) | Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 |
0.72 (0.65) 0.93 (0.96) 0.79 (0.77) |
0.67 (0.88) 0.93 (0.94) 1.30 (1.21) |
| Speed accuracy trade-off index (n = 59) | Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 |
0.15 (0.01) 0.14 (0.01) 0.15 (0.01) |
0.14 (0.02) 0.14 (0.02) 0.14 (0.03) |
|
| Hayling sentence completion task | Response latency (sec) | Control condition Inhibition condition | 15.20 (0.41) 53.47 (26.56) |
15.23 (0.57) 52.27 (29.33) |
| Total error score | Control condition Inhibition condition | 0.20 (0.41) 6.07 (2.86) |
0.20 (0.48) 5.60 (2.47) |
|
| Expressive suppression task | EMG Corrugator Supercilii ratio score (% of baseline) | Neutral films (n = 57) Positive films Negative films (n = 59) Poker-related films |
112.39 (24.81) 110.49 (26.73) 117.69 (40.60) 104.09 (16.43) |
108.15 (35.21) 110.52 (36.67) 109.05 (15.14) 105.50 (12.63) |
| EMG Zygomaticus Major ratio score (% of baseline) | Neutral films (n = 57) Positive films Negative films (n = 59) Poker-related films |
97.01 (9.89) 122.39 (75.05) 96.64 (16.18) 106.13 (27.37) |
95.77 (7.44) 154.78 (170.81) 100.24 (15.77) 94.44 (10.37) |
|
| IBI change score (ms) | Neutral films (n = 54) Positive films (n = 57) Negative films (n = 56) Poker-related films (n = 57) |
–15.24 (38.78) 13.66 (81.76) –2.66 (66.68) 1.79 (65.64) |
–15.69 (31.04) 14.23 (42.44) 18.01 (34.02) 5.94 (30.38) |
|
| SCR amplitude change score (μS) | Neutral films (n = 56) Positive films (n = 59) Negative films (n = 57) Poker-related films (n = 59) |
0.32 (1.12) 0.28 (0.62) 0.19 (0.46) 0.47 (0.67) |
0.23 (0.60) 0.50 (0.76) 0.50 (0.86) 0.43 (0.84) |
|
| Cardiovascular activation change score | Neutral films (n = 55) Positive films (n = 56) Negative films (n = 56) Poker-related films (n = 57) |
0.21 (1.19) 0.33 (1.59) 0.23 (1.42) –0.64 (1.45) |
0.27 (1.42) –0.31 (2.14) 0.20 (1.51) –0.17 (2.12) |
|
| Respiratory activation change score | Neutral films (n = 51) Positive films (n = 54) Negative films (n = 54) Poker-related films (n = 55) |
0.18 (2.44) 0.07 (1.67) –0.11 (1.30) –0.04 (1.34) |
–0.04 (1.49) –0.10 (1.41) –0.05 (1.31) 0.08 (1.42) |
|
| Difficulty to suppress emotion score | Neutral films Positive films Negative films Poker-related films |
1.18 (0.39) 3.72 (2.12) 2.95 (1.44) 2.82 (1.70) |
1.33 (1.42) 4.03 (2.14) 3.28 (1.51) 1.90 (2.12) |
|
| DES+ change score | Neutral films Positive films Negative films Poker-related films |
–0.56 (1.07) 0.14 (1.06) –1.95 (1.39) 0.07 (1.19) |
–0.82 (1.19) 0.69 (1.35) –1.23 (1.17) –0.62 (1.02) |
|
| DES- change score | Neutral films Positive films Negative films Poker-related films |
–0.12 (0.27) 0.21 (0.66) 1.48 (1.22) –0.04 (0.22) |
0.00 (0.22) 0.24 (0.68) 1.61 (1.38) 0.06 (0.28) |