Fig. 5.

Dysautonomia symptoms and HR changes (Delta) after chronic tVNS. Individual values of COMPASS-31 domains and delta HR after 14-day tVNS are shown together with their mean ± SEM values. The reduction in dysautonomia symptom intensity is significant in Total Score and in Orthostatic Intolerance and Gastrointestinal symptom domains. The individual difference between supine and orthostatic heart rate was blunted, although not significantly, during POST evaluation. GI indicates gastrointestinal domain. OI, orthostatic intolerance. Delta HR, mean value of the individual differences between orthostatic and clinostatic heart rate. PRE, pre-treatment. POST, post-treatment.

*P < 0.05 POST vs PRE; data are expressed as mean ± SEM.