Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Characteristicsa | Female | Male | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 1,219) | (N = 1,816) | (N = 3,035) | |
| Age, years | 66.44 (5.30) | 67.28 (5.50) | 66.94 (5.43) |
| High education, n (%)b | 58 (4.76%) | 168 (9.25%) | 226 (7.45%) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||
| Never | 1,087 (89.17%) | 467 (25.72%) | 1,554 (51.20%) |
| Former | 35 (2.87%) | 364 (20.04%) | 399 (13.15%) |
| Current | 97 (7.96%) | 985 (54.24%) | 1,082 (35.65%) |
| Drinking status, n (%) | |||
| Never | 984 (80.72%) | 584 (32.16%) | 1,568 (51.66%) |
| Former | 82 (6.73%) | 288 (6.73%) | 370 (12.19%) |
| Current | 153 (12.55%) | 944 (51.98%) | 1,097 (36.14%) |
| Sleep duration, hours | 6.10 (1.91) | 6.38 (1.82) | 6.27 (1.86) |
| Chronic diseases, median (IQR) | 1.00 (2.00) | 1.00 (2.00) | 1.00 (2.00) |
| Depression, n (%) | 393 (32.24%) | 405 (22.30%) | 798 (26.29%) |
| Handgrip strength, kilogram | 22.02 (6.46) | 33.83 (7.76) | 29.48 (8.97) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.82 (4.13) | 22.63 (3.67) | 23.11 (3.91) |
| BMI range, median (IQR) | 1.36 (1.46) | 1.13 (1.25) | 1.21 (1.36) |
| WC, cm | 85.77 (13.00) | 83.75 (12.05) | 84.56 (12.48) |
| WC range, median (IQR) | 6.60 (6.80) | 5.50 (5.50) | 5.80 (6.00) |
| BMI groups | |||
| Underweight | 94 (7.71%) | 160 (8.81%) | 254 (8.37%) |
| Normal | 562 (46.10%) | 1,096 (60.35%) | 1,658 (54.63%) |
| Overweight | 400 (32.81%) | 433 (23.84%) | 833 (27.45%) |
| Obese | 163 (13.37%) | 127 (6.99%) | 290 (9.56%) |
| WC groups | |||
| No central obesity | 334 (27.40%) | 999 (55.01%) | 1,333 (43.92%) |
| Central pre-obesity | 191 (15.67%) | 290 (15.97%) | 481 (15.85%) |
| Central obesity | 694 (56.93%) | 527 (29.02%) | 1,221 (40.23%) |
| Global cognition, median (IQR) | −0.46 (1.41) | 0.11 (1.42) | −0.18 (1.42) |
a
Values are mean (SD), unless otherwise specified.
b
High education: senior high school and above.
IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference.