Table 2.
The association between body mass index (BMI), BMI range, and decline among global cognition and cognitive subdomains (SD per year).
| Variable | Global cognition estimate (SE), p-value | Memory estimate (SE), p-value | Orientation and attention estimate (SE), p-value | Visuospatial ability estimate (SE), p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.0024 (0.0015), 0.1048 |
0.0015 (0.0017), 0.3745 |
0.0020 (0.0016), 0.2176 |
0.0015 (0.0018), 0.4047 |
| Sex (male) | −0.0062 (0.0189), 0.7415 |
0.0032 (0.0210), 0.8788 |
−0.0020 (0.0204), 0.9231 |
−0.0257 (0.0230), 0.2648 |
| Time | −0.0587 (0.0242), 0.0051* |
−0.0533 (0.0270), 0.0486* |
−0.0358 (0.1345), 0.4236 |
−0.0491 (0.0295), 0.0965 |
| BMI | −0.0007 (0.0023), 0.7779 |
−0.0018 (0.0026), 0.5030 |
0.0005 (0.0025), 0.8526 |
−0.0011 (0.0029), 0.6940 |
| BMI range | 0.0004 (0.0037), 0.9180 |
0.0003 (00.9402 | 0.0002 (0.0040), 0.9632 |
0.0005 (0.0045), 0.9084 |
| BMI × time | 0.0107 (0.0024), <0.0001* |
0.0097 (0.0026), 0.0002* |
0.0070 (0.0026), 0.0089* |
0.0043 (0.0028), 0.1350 |
| BMI range × time | −0.0365 (0.0116), 0.0017* |
−0.0481 (0.0126), 0.0001* |
−0.0050 (0.0127), 0.6949 |
−0.0183 (0.0138), 0.1840 |
| Sex × BMI × time | −0.0001(0.0003), 0.7390 |
<0.0001 (0.0003), 0.9080 |
−0.0002 (0.0004), 0.6134 |
−0.0001 (0.0004), 0.8437 |
| Sex × BMI range × time | 0.0028 (0.0017), 0.0966 |
0.0023 (0.0018), 0.2031 |
0.0015 (0.0018), 0.4218 |
0.0007 (0.0020), 0.7305 |
Four separate mixed-effects models, each adjusted for age, education, smoking status, drinking status, sleep duration, chronic diseases, depression, and handgrip strength. BMI, body mass index; *p < 0.05.