TABLE 2.
Monoclonal antibodies and antibody-based biologics that have been tested in clinical trials for use in bacterial infections.
| Antibody | Company | Species | Isotype | Pathogen (target) | Mechanism of action | Indication | Phase |
| 514G3 | XBiotech | Human | IgG3 | Staphylococcus aureus (Protein A—SpA) | Opsonophagocytosis | Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia | Phase I/II |
| Aerucin | Aridis | Human | IgG1 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (alginate) |
Opsonophagocytosis; complement-mediated bacterial killing |
Pneumonia | Phase II |
| ASN100 - ASN-1 and ASN-2 mix |
Arsanis | Human | IgG1(κ) |
Staphylococcus aureus (α-hemolysin—HIa, HIgAB, HIgCB, LukED, LukSF, and LukGH) |
Toxin neutralization | Pneumonia prevention | Phase II |
| Bezlotoxumab (ZINPLAVA®) - MK-6072 - CDB-1 - MDX-1388 |
Merck & Co. | Human | IgG1(κ) |
Clostridioides difficile (Enterotoxin B) |
Toxin neutralization | Prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection recurrence | Approved |
| DSTA4637S | Genentech | Human | IgG1 |
Staphylococcus aureus (β-O-linked N-acetylglucosamine on wall teichoic acids—WTA) |
Antibody-antibiotic conjugate | Pneumonia | Phase I |
| MEDI-3902 - biS4aPA |
MedImmune | Human bispecific | IgG1(κ) |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsI and PerV) |
Opsonophagocytosis; complement-mediated bacterial killing |
Pneumonia | Phase II |
| Suvratoxumab - MEDI-4893 |
Astra Zeneca | Human | IgG1(κ) | Staphylococcus aureus (α-hemolysin—HIa) | Toxic neutralization | Pneumonia | Phase II |
| NTM-1632 | NIAID | Humanized | IgG1 | Clostridium botulinum (Botulinum neurotoxin B) | Toxin neutralization | Botulism | Phase I |
| Obiltoxaximab (ANTHIM®) - ETI-204 |
Elusys | Mouse/Human chimeric | IgG1(κ) |
Bacillus anthracis (Protective antigen—PA) |
Toxin neutralization | Inhalation anthrax | Approved |
| Pagibaximab - BSYX-A110 |
Biosynexus | Mouse/Human chimeric | IgG | Staphylococcus epidermidis (Lipoteichoic acid—LTA) | Opsonophagocytosis; complement-mediated bacterial killing |
Septicemia | Phase II |
| Panobacumab (Aerumab) - AR-101 - KBPA-101 |
Aridis | Human | IgM (κ) | Pseudomonas aeruginosa (LPS O-antigen—O11) | Opsonophagocytosis; complement-mediated bacterial killing |
Pneumonia | Phase II/III |
| Pritoxaximab | Bellus Pharmaceuticals | Mouse/Human chimeric | IgG1(κ) |
Escherichia coli (Shiga toxin type 1, and Shiga-like toxin 1) |
Toxin neutralization | STECa infection causing diarrhea and HUSb | Phase II |
| Raxibacumab (ABthrax®) |
GlaxoSmith Kline | Human | IgG1(λ) |
Bacillus anthracis (Protective antigen—PA) |
Toxin neutralization | Inhalation anthrax | Approved |
| SAR279356 - F598 |
Sanofi | Human | IgG1 | Multiple pathogens (Poly-N-acetylglucosamine) | Prevention of bacterial infections | Phase II | |
| Setoxaximab | Bellus Pharmaceuticals | Mouse/Human chimeric | IgG1(κ) |
Escherichia coli (Shiga toxin type 2, and Shiga-like toxin 2) |
Toxin neutralization | STEC infection causing diarrhea and HUS | Phase II |
| Tosatoxumab (Salvecin) - AR-301 |
Aridis | Human | IgG1 | Staphylococcus aureus (α-hemolysin—HIa) | Toxin neutralization | Inhalation anthrax | Phase II |
aSTEC, Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli. bHUS, Hemolytic-uremic syndrome. clinicaltrials.gov.