Table 2.
Gestational Diabetes and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Race/Ethnic Subgroups by Maternal Place of Birth
| Place of birth | Gestational diabetes mellitus | Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pooled rate (2014–2019) | Average APC (2014 to 2019) | Pooled rate (2014–2019) | Average APC (2014 to 2019) | |
| Overall | ||||
| Outside U.S. | 70.3 (69.9, 70.7) | 4.6 (3.4, 5.9) | 52.5 (52.2, 52.9) | 9.4 (7.7, 11.2) |
| U.S. | 53.2 (53.0, 53.4) | 4.4 (3.6, 5.2) | 90.1 (89.9, 90.3) | 8.2 (7.5, 9.0) |
| Non-Hispanic White | ||||
| Outside U.S. | 52.1 (51.2, 52.9) | 5.0 (2.3, 7.8) | 46.8 (46.0, 47.7) | 8.0 (6.1, 10.0) |
| U.S. | 51.8 (51.6, 52.0) | 4.5 (3.4, 5.6) | 91.5 (91.2, 91.8) | 8.5 (7.9, 9.1) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | ||||
| Outside U.S. | 55.3 (54.2, 56.4) | 2.4 (1.4, 3.4) | 71.3 (70.0, 72.6) | 8.7 (5.6, 11.9) |
| U.S. | 52.0 (51.4, 52.6) | 1.6 (0.5, 2.8) | 105.4 (104.6, 106.2) | 7.4 (6.0, 8.9) |
| Hispanic/Latina | ||||
| Outside U.S. | 61.0 (60.4, 61.7) | 3.5 (1.4, 5.7) | 60.6 (60.0, 61.2) | 9.7 (8.5, 10.8) |
| U.S. | 61.2 (60.6, 61.9) | 5.0 (4.5, 5.0) | 78.4 (77.7, 79.0) | 7.7 (6.7, 8.9) |
| Mexican | ||||
| Outside U.S. | 70.2 (69.2, 71.3) | 3.5 (0.9, 6.3) | 60.9 (60.0, 61.8) | 9.7 (6.8, 12.6) |
| U.S. | 64.6 (63.7, 65.5) | 4.4 (3.3, 5.5) | 79.0 (78.1, 79.9) | 7.6 (6.1, 9.1) |
| Puerto Rican | ||||
| Outside U.S. | 71.2 (68.0, 74.6) | 19.6 (0, 42.9) | 83.0 (79.6, 86.5) | 13.7 (9.6, 18.0) |
| U.S. | 66.2 (64.3, 68.2) | 5.3 (2.2, 8.5) | 81.8 (79.9, 83.9) | 9.3 (2.1, 17.0) |
| Cuban | ||||
| Outside U.S. | 56.9 (54.2, 59.6) | 9.5 (4.6, 14.6) | 66.1 (63.4, 69.0) | 11.4 (7.0, 16.1) |
| U.S. | 46.0 (43.4, 48.8) | 11.6 (6.4, 17.0) | 75.0 (71.6, 78.5) | 10.3 (7.1, 13.5) |
| C/S American | ||||
| Outside U.S. | 50.4 (49.4, 51.4) | 4.2 (0.9, 7.6) | 53.5 (52.5, 54.5) | 9.5 (8.1, 10.9) |
| U.S. | 48.8 (46.9, 50.8) | 8.3 (1.5, 15.5) | 67.5 (65.4, 69.7) | 8.1 (6.3, 9.9) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander | ||||
| Outside U.S. | 97.1 (96.2, 98.0) | 5.5 (4.6, 6.5) | 39.0 (38.3, 39.7) | 9.7 (5.4, 14.1) |
| U.S. | 73.5 (72.1, 74.9) | 5.3 (4.5, 6.2) | 59.7 (58.4, 61.0) | 9.5 (6.9, 12.1) |
| Asian Indian | ||||
| Outside U.S. | 122.7 (120.6, 124.9) | 5.0 (2.0, 8.1) | 44.3 (42.7, 46.0) | 9.7 (5.3, 14.2) |
| U.S. | 75.5 (71.2, 80.1) | 6.5 (4.9, 8.2) | 50.5 (46.7, 54.5) | 10.0 (3.5, 16.9) |
| Chinese | ||||
| Outside U.S. | 79.7 (77.6, 81.8) | 5.5 (2.5, 8.6) | 19.9 (18.5, 21.5) | 11.4 (−0.8, 25.0) |
| U.S. | 68.4 (63.1, 74.2) | 7.7 (−1.2, 17.4) | 39.5 (35.5, 44.0) | 11.0 (5.5, 16.8) |
| Filipina | ||||
| Outside U.S. | 96.8 (94.1, 99.7) | 5.7 (3.9, 7.6) | 68.6 (66.1, 71.1) | 9.8 (6.1, 13.7) |
| U.S. | 82.8 (79.0, 86.8) | 5.4 (0, 11.2) | 80.7 (76.7, 84.8) | 7.5 (3.0, 12.2) |
| Japanese | ||||
| Outside U.S. | 37.5 (32.4, 45.7) | 9.7 (3.5, 16.2) | 24.1 (18.6, 33.0) | 9.0 (−21.2, 50.6) |
| U.S. | 61.8 (53.5, 71.6) | 5.6 (−7.6, 20.8) | 57.7 (46.9, 70.5) | 16.0 (−3.5, 39.4) |
| Korean | ||||
| Outside U.S. | 61.5 (56.8, 66.6) | 8.6 (5.2, 12.2) | 36.2 (31.1, 42.0) | 1.0 (−4.0, 6,3) |
| U.S. | 62.3 (55.8, 69.5) | 4.2 (−4.9, 14.0) | 45.8 (38.0, 54.7) | 18.6 (−0.9, 41.8) |
| Vietnamese | ||||
| Outside U.S. | 100.1 (96.7, 103.6) | 5.5 (1.2, 9.9) | 25.0 (23.0, 27.1) | 9.7 (2.7, 17.1) |
| U.S. | 77.1 (72.0, 82.4) | 2.7 (−4.1, 10.0) | 48.6 (44.3, 53.2) | 6.4 (−5.3, 19.5) |
Notes: Rates per 1,000 live births. Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).
APC, annual percent change; C/S, Central/South.