Table 1.

Description of the behavioural categories

Category	Description
Approaching	Dog entering a target area (i.e. actors areas, table area). Measured by the presence of the frontal half of the dog’s body in the designated area. Measured in frequency.
Gazing	Eyes directed at the upper body of the actors, owner or experimenter. Measured by the direction of the dog’s head allowing visual access to the target region of the human elements in the scene. Measured in duration.
Looking	Eyes directed at any part of the body of the actors, owner and experimenter, at the table and out. Measured by the direction of the dog’s head. Measured in duration.
Body orientation	Dog’s body directed towards the actors, table, owner, experimenter or out. Measured by an imaginary line created from the point at the base of the dog’s neck, in between its shoulders. Measured in duration.
Positioning in the room	Dog’s presence in a target area (i.e. actors areas, table area, middle area, owner area, experimenter area, back area, out). Measured by the presence of the frontal half of the body of the dog in the designated area. Measured in duration.
Sniffing	Olfactory exploration of targets (i.e. actors, table, owner, experimenter, out), measured by the close proximity of the dog’s nose to a surface and distinct nostrils movement (detected visually and/or acoustically). Measured in duration.
Touching	Physical contact between the frontal area of the dog (e.g. nose, mouth, front paws) and the target (e.g. actors, table, owner). Measured in duration.