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. 2022 Mar 22;12:4860. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08537-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Female karyotypes of the asexual fungus-growing ant Mycocepurus smithii with probable pairings of karyomorphs: (a) 2n = 9 (1 m + 7sm + 1st), (b) 2n = 10 (2 m + 7sm + 1st), and (c) 2n = 11 (2 m + 6sm + 2st + 1a). Arrows indicate chromosomal rearrangements. The chromosomes were paired using numbers followed by letters to represent the possible pairings highlighting the increase of the decay of homologous chromosome pairs, especially in individuals with the karyomorph 2n = 11. Chromosome morphology: (a) metacentric chromosome: 2; submetacentrics: pair 1, 3, 4, and 2b; subtelocentric: 2a. (b) metacentrics: 1a, 2; submetacentrics: 1, 1b, 2b, pairs 3 and 4; subtelocentric: 2a. (c) metacentrics: 1a, 2; submetacentrics: 1, 1b, 2b, 3; subtelocentrics: 2a, 3a; acrocentric: 3b. Scale bar represents 5 µm.