Fig. 1.

Schematic demonstrating influence of nanotopography on cell behaviour through interaction with the extracellular matrix. Cellular behaviours under microscale such as adhesion, spreading and differentiation are influenced by fibronectin interacts with on nanotopography surface electrons and adsorption under nanoscale. Transmembrane receptors like integrins can further interact to fibronectin adsorbed on nanotopography, then behave active or inactive. Upon ligand bonding, the focal adhesions (FAs) is assembled and cytoskeletal filaments are aggregated by actin and talin molecules.