Table 2.
Antigen design strategies adopted for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines
| Developers/Vaccine Name | Antigen | Nucleotide modification | 2Pmut | S1/S2 Cleavage site | Additional design | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BioNTech/BNT162b2 | Spike | + | + | − | NA | 27 |
| Moderna/mRNA1273 | Spike | + | + | − | NA | 272 |
| CureVac/CVnCoV | Spike | − | + | − | RNActive® technology | 480 |
| RiboBio | Spike | + | + | + | T4 Fibritin; S2 mut; Delete FP, TMD, CTD | 141 |
| Abogen/ARCoV | RBD | + | NI | NA | 185 | |
| BioNTech/BNT162b1 | RBD | + | NI | T4 Fibritin | 278 | |
| CanSinoBIO | RBD | + | NI | RBD-CTB fusion protein; RBD-CRM197 fusion protein; CPG adjuvant; TLR adjuvant | 481 | |
| Stemirna | Spike; S1 subunit; RBD; M; N; E | + | − | − | Insert additional sequences before ORF; LPP delivery systems | 276,330 |
| LIVERNA | Spike; S1 subunit; RBD | + | NA | NA | NA | 479 |
| Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences | Spike; S1 subunit; RBD | + | NA | NA | NA | 482 |
2P mut: two proline mutations (K986P, V987P) on the S2 subunit of the S protein to maintain its stability; NA: not applicable; NI: not involved; CTB: cholera toxin B subunit; CPG: non-methylated short nucleotides cytosine and guanine; TLR: toll-like receptor; FP: fusion peptide; TMD: transmembrane domain; CTD: C-terminal domain; RBD: receptor binding domain; LPP: lipopolyplex.