Fig. 4.

NP/mDs elicited TA-specific immune response in vitro. (a) The viability of imDCs treated with PO12 NPs and NP/mDs for 72 h, n = 3. (b) Histogram analysis of in vitro NP/Dil-mDs to imDCs cross-dressing of biomembrane tracer. (c) In vitro induction of imDC maturation by NP/mDs, n = 3. LPS treatment served as a positive control, while PBS was negative. (d) Representative flow cytometry plots for gating mature DCs. (e) In vitro stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation, n = 3. ConA treatment served as a positive control. (f) In vitro activation of T lymphocyte, n = 3. (g) Representative flow cytometry plots for gating CD8⁺CD69⁺ T cells. Data points in a, c, e and f represent mean ± SD. Statistical significance was calculated by ANOVA with Tukey's test. n.s., not significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.