. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 23.

Published in final edited form as: Child Dev. 2021 Nov 6;93(2):e135–e148. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13704

TABLE 5.

Coupling parameter estimates from full bivariate dual change score models (95% confidence interval)

Parameter	Persistence	Approach	Reactivity
Total Sample
GCA → Factor	−.051 (−.076, −.029)^**	−.015 (−.034, −.004)^**	−.005 (−.011, .002)
Factor → GCA	−.128 (−.207, −.057)^**	−.109 (−.187, −.033)^**	−.178 (−.273, −.152)^**
Lower SES
GCA → Factor	−.088 (−.138, −.049)^**	−.018 (−.043, −.004)^**	−.014 (−.030, −.002)^*
Factor → GCA	−.063 (−.170, .026)	−.067 (−.053, .059)	−.057 (−.178, .051)
Higher SES
GCA → Factor	−.032 (−.065, −.002)^*	.001 (−.149, .019)	.013 (.002, .027)^*
Factor → GCA	−.187 (−.303, −.082)^**	−.410 (−.632, −.170)^**	−.368 (−.508, −.236)^**

Abbreviations: Factor, temperament factor; GCA, general cognitive ability.

p < .05;

^**

p < .01.