Table 3.

Association between parental feeding practices and child food intake, Gardermoen Region, Norway (2019) (n = 111)

Feeding practice	Fruits/berriesa		Vegetablesa		Fisha		SSBa		High-sugar Foodsa
	ORb (95% CI)	P	ORb (95% CI)	P	ORb (95% CI)	P	ORb (95% CI)	P	ORb (95% CI)	P
Involvement	1.99 (1.15, 3.44)	0.01	1.25 (0.73, 2.16)	0.42	0.89 (0.53, 1.49)	0.67	1.58 (0.92, 2.72)	0.10	0.86 (0.51, 1.45)	0.57
Environment	2.10 (1.17, 3.78)	0.01	2.94 (1.55, 5.55)	<0.01	1.05 (0.61, 1.82)	0.86	0.55 (0.29, 1.03)	0.06	0.54 (0.29, 0.98)	0.04
Emotional regulation	0.77 (0.49, 1.21)	0.26	0.75 (0.47, 1.19)	0.23	0.92 (0.59, 1.44)	0.71	0.80 (0.49, 1.31)	0.37	1.25 (0.78, 1.99)	0.35
Food as reward	1.12 (0.67, 1.87)	0.66	0.95 (0.56, 1.60)	0.84	1.05 (0.64, 1.75)	0.84	0.90 (0.53, 1.53)	0.70	0.98 (0.58, 1.64)	0.94
Pressure	0.78 (0.52, 1.17)	0.23	0.94 (0.62, 1.43)	0.76	0.93 (0.62, 1.39)	0.72	1.21 (0.79, 1.85)	0.39	1.27 (0.84, 1.92)	0.27
Modeling	0.95 (0.60, 1.50)	0.83	2.14 (1.26, 3.63)	<0.01	1.54 (0.95, 2.48)	0.08	0.97 (0.60, 1.57)	0.90	0.88 (0.56, 1.41)	0.60
Monitoring	1.29 (0.64, 2.62)	0.48	0.78 (0.37, 1.67)	0.52	1.42 (0.70, 2.89)	0.33	1.32 (0.64, 2.72)	0.45	0.45 (0.20, 1.02)	0.05
Encouragement	1.87 (0.66, 5.29)	0.24	5.18 (1.63, 16,5)	<0.01	5.03 (1.62, 15.7)	<0.01	1 (0.33, 3.03)	1.00	0.71 (0.25, 2.06)	0.53
Child control	0.87 (0.45, 1.70)	0.68	0.56 (0.28, 1.12)	0.10	0.73 (0.38, 1.42)	0.36	0.69 (0.33, 1.44)	0.32	1.74 (0.87, 3.49)	0.12
Teaching nutrition	1.79 (1.06, 3.03)	0.03	1.98 (1.14, 3.45)	0.02	1.41 (0.85, 2.34)	0.19	0.71 (0.42, 1.22)	0.22	0.88 (0.53, 1.46)	0.62
Restriction health	0.77 (0.50, 1.17)	0.22	0.95 (0.62, 1.47)	0.82	0.93 (0.62, 1.40)	0.73	0.69 (0.44, 1.08)	0.11	0.91 (0.60, 1.39)	0.67
Restriction weight	1.48 (0.81, 2.71)	0.20	1.33 (0.71, 2.49)	0.37	1.59 (0.88, 2.89)	0.39	0.43 (0.22, 0.83)	<0.01	0.64 (0.35, 1.19)	0.54

^aDivided into low or high intake based on median value. Low intake is the reference group.

^bAdjusted for child’s age, and educational level and age of parent. Significant P-values (P < 0.01) in bold.