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Pathological differentiation of ASE and CIS. Immunohistochemical findings of CK13, CK17, DEC1, CK-1ε and CD44 may help distinguish between ASE and CIS. A diagnosis of CIS using IHC is indicated by decreased expression of CK13 and DEC1 and increased expression of CK17, CK-1ε and CD44. ASE, atypical squamous epithelium; CIS, carcinoma in situ; DEC1, differentiated embryonic chondrocyte gene 1; CK-1ε, casein kinase 1ε; IHC, immunohistochemistry; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin staining.
