Table 1.
Emerging obesogens and chemical mixtures
| Short name | Use | Cell model | Mechanism | Animal model | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Food additives | |||||
| Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate | DOSS | Thickener Solubilizer Emulsifier Flavoring |
3T3-L1 | PPARγ | Mice |
| Sorbitan monooleate | Span 80 | Emulsifier | 3T3-L1 | PPARγ RXRα |
— |
| Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate | Tween 80 Polysorbate 80 |
Emulsifier | 3T3-L1 | RXRα | — |
| 3-tertbutyl-4-hydroxyanisole | 3-BHA | Antioxidant | 3T3-L1 | PPARγ activators | Mice |
| 2. Alkylphenols | |||||
| Ethoxylated alkylphenols | EOAP | Non-ionic surfactant | 3T3-L1 | TRβ | — |
| 4-hexylphenol | 4-HP | Surfactant | 3T3-L1 HepG2 | PPARγ | — |
| 3. Sunscreens | |||||
| Avobenzone | AVB | UVA filter | hMSCs | PPARγ | — |
| Benzonphenone 3 and 8 | BP-3 BP-8 |
UV filter | hMSCs | PPARγ | — |
| 4. EDC mixtures | |||||
|
Unconventional oil and gas chemicals
Acrylamide, Alkylphenols, Benzenes, Bronopol, Diethanolamine, Ethanols, Ethylene glycol, Propylene glycol, Styrene, Toluene, Xylens |
UOG | — | 3T3-L1 | PPARγ independent |
— |
|
Oil sands process-affected water See Headly et al., 2013 and Pereira et al., 2013 and 2015 for chemical mixture |
OSPW | — | 3T3-L1 | PPARγ | — |
|
EDC mixture #1
Phthalates, Triclosan, Perflorinated substances |
— | — | — | — | Zebrafish |
|
EDC mixture #2
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Bisphenol A, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-dioxine (TCDD), polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (PCB153) |
— | — | — | — | Mice |