Singh 2000.

Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Time frame: NS
Participants	Inclusion criteria Setting: single centre country: India CKD on dialysis or advised to have dialysis Number: treatment group (11); control group (10) Mean age ± SD: treatment group (43.7 ± 10.2); control group (44.2 ± 8.7) Sex (M/F): treatment group (8/3); control group (7/3) Exclusion criteria AKI; obstructive uropathy; cancer; seriously ill patients with marked acidosis or shock
Interventions	Treatment group Coenzyme Q (2 capsules 3 times daily, 30 mg each) Control group Placebo (inert fibre cellulose; 2 capsules 3 times daily, 500 mg each)
Outcomes	SCr Mean change in GFR
Notes	Follow‐up: 28 days
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The randomisation system used in this study may be insufficient, it was not stated how the random sequence was generated.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomisation achieved through the selection of sealed envelopes. Patients were asked to select one of two cards (A or B) which were enclosed in sealed envelopes. Study does not specify whether these were opaque
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Study reported the use of double blinding and stated that the physicians examining the patients and technicians analysing the blood were blinded to treatment allocation. Study reports the use of placebo
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Outcomes reported on all patients
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Study protocol is not separately available, however, all expected outcomes were included
Other bias	Unclear risk	Funding: financial support from the Centre of Nutrition Tishcon Corporation, Westbury, NY provided coenzyme Q10