SPACE Study 2000.

Methods	Study design: Parallel RCT Time frame: NS
Participants	Inclusion criteria Setting: multicentre (6 centres) Country: Israel Stable haemodialysis patients Number: treatment group (97); control group (99) Age: treatment group (64.9 ± 8.3); control group (64.4 ± 8.8) Sex (M/F): treatment group (67/30); control group (68/31) Exclusion criteria Anticoagulant therapy with warfarin sodium; known history of malignant disease; active liver disease; treatment with hypolipidemic agents for less than 8 weeks before study commencement
Interventions	Treatment group Vitamin E (natural ɑ‐tocopherol) provided as 2 capsules of 400 IU each to be taken nightly Control group Matching placebo
Outcomes	Cardiovascular disease Fatal and non‐fatal myocardial infarction Cardiovascular‐disease mortality All‐cause mortality Ischaemic stroke Peripheral vascular disease Unstable angina Adverse events Cancer
Notes	Mean duration of follow‐up: 1.4 years
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer generated coin toss, each participating centre randomised separately
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information regarding methods to prevent allocation concealment
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Study reported the used of double blinding
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Outcomes of all initially randomised patients were reported (although the use of intention‐to‐treat analyses was not explicitly stated in the methods)
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Study protocol is not separately available, however, it appears all expected outcomes, including those that were pre‐specified, have been reported
Other bias	Low risk	Funding: This research was funded by grant 4204 from the Chief Scientist’s Office, Ministry of Health, Israel Vitamin E provided by Solgar, Inc, New York, USA, during the first year and Henkel Corp, La Grange, IL, USA, during the second year.