Table 1.
ET-1, patient demographics and clinical endpoints.
| Time-point | controls |
A |
B |
C |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 26 | n = 51 | n = 39 | n = 78 | |
| ET-1 day 0 | 0.68 (0.47–0.87) | 0.72 (0.57–1.10) | 1.59 (1.13–1.98)⁎⁎⁎ | 1.65 (1.02–2.32)⁎⁎⁎ |
| n = 157 | ||||
| ET-1 day 28 | – | 0.73 (0.50–1.18) | 0.86 (0.60–1.61)† | 1.17 (0.66–1.62)† |
| n = 84 | ||||
| ET-1 day 90 | – | 0.76 (0.60–1.12) | 0.69 (0.59–1.38)† | 1.01 (0.64–1.21)† |
| n = 35 | ||||
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (Mean ± SD) | 41.1 ± 16.4 | 35.8 ± 12.6 | 58.8 ± 17.1 | 62.1 ± 14.3 |
| Female | 16 (62) | 42 (82) | 15 (39) | 25 (32) |
| White ethnicity | 21 (80) | 40 (78) | 32 (84) | 64 (82) |
| HTN | 3 (12) | 2 (4) | 16 (44) | 36 (46) |
| IHD | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (11) | 14 (18) |
| DM | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 9 (25) | 31 (40) |
| CCF | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (6) | 10 (13) |
| CKD | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (19) | 15 (20) |
| Clinical Endpoints | ||||
| AKI | – | – | 3 (8) | 30 (38) |
| AMI | – | – | 4 (11) | 34 (45) |
| Death | – | – | 1 (3) | 13 (17) |
| Admission duration (days) | – | – | 6.7 ± 11.6 | 31.8 ± 3.8 |
| cTn (ng/L) | – | – | 5.5 (0.0–13.9) | 16.2 (5.4–59.2) |
| NTproBNP (pg/ml) | – | – | 113 (35–258) | 313 (123–1315) |
Table shows: Top: ET-1 (pg/ml) at all time-points (median [IQR]). ⁎⁎⁎ indicates significant difference (p ≤0.001) when comparing indicated patient group and control; † indicates significant difference (p ≤0.05) when comparing ET-1 at the indicated time-point with the corresponding baseline ET-1 level. Middle: Demographics and underlying comorbidities within patient categories, figures are n (% of total). HTN indicates hypertension, IHD: ischemic heart disease, DM: diabetes mellitus, CCF: congestive cardiac failure, CKD: chronic kidney disease. Bottom: Clinical endpoints recorded for hospitalised patients, figures are n (% of total). AKI indicates acute kidney injury, AMI: acute myocardial injury. cTn refers to peak cardiac specific Troponin levels (median [IQR]); NTproBNP: peak N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (median [IQR]); Admission duration: duration of index Covid-19 related admission measured in total days (mean ± SD).