. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Fam Psychol. 2021 Apr;35(3):276–287. doi: 10.1037/fam0000646

Table 4.

Results for All Final Models

Parameter	Preliminary LPA		GMM with Externalizing Behavior		GMM with Internalizing Behavior		GMM with Prosocial Behavior
Class (n) Means	1 (165)	2 (70)	1 (109)	2 (126)	1 (131)	2(104)	1 (111)	2 (124)
CCG	1.46^**	1.71^**	1.34^**	1.70^**	1.40^**	1.68^**	1.37^**	1.67^**
MCGC	6.14^**	5.20^**	6.26^**	5.48^**	6.15^**	5.49^**	6.19^**	5.52^**
PCGC	6.14^**	5.30^**	6.17^**	5.61^**	6.10^**	5.61^**	6.13^**	5.63^**
MC	41.68^**	47.88^**	41.14^**	45.81^**	41.39^**	46.20^**	41.93^**	45.23^**
PC	39.30^**	41.87^**	39.48^**	40.68^**	39.50^**	40.84^**	40.12^**	40.17^**
Level	--	--	47.28^**	54.06^**	49.84^**	54.16^**	18.86^**	17.86^**
Slope	--	--	−0.25	−0.44	0.54	0.62	0.78^**	−0.35
Variances
CCG	0.76^**	0.76^**	0.74^**	0.74^**	0.75^**	0.75^**	0.75^**	0.75^**
MCGC	2.46^**	2.46^**	2.51^**	2.51^**	2.55^**	2.55^**	2.56^**	2.56^**
PCGC	3.01^**	3.01^**	3.09^**	3.09^**	3.11^**	3.11^**	3.10^**	3.10^**
MC	39.09^**	39.09^**	42.34^**	42.34^**	41.53^**	41.53^**	43.74^**	43.74^**
PC	49.47^**	49.47^**	50.15^**	50.15^**	50.42^**	50.42^**	51.14^**	51.14^**
Level	--	--	54.16^**	54.16^**	53.33^**	53.33^**	2.56^**	3.21^**
Slope	--	--	2.70⁺	2.70⁺	2.43	2.43	1.07	2.76^**
Covariances
Y₂, Y₃	2.18^**	2.08^**	2.23^**	2.22^**	2.26^**	2.23^**	2.31^**	2.09^**
Y₄, Y₅	41.11^**	30.31^**	44.74^**	35.27^**	44.10^**	34.03^**	45.58^**	31.49^**
Level, Slope	--	--	−2.15	−2.15	−2.32	−2.32	−1.62^*	−0.82
GMMs with Adjustment as an Outcome
Class (n) Means			1 (165)	2 (70)	1 (165)	2 (70)	1 (165)	2 (70)
Level			49.55^**	54.07^**	50.87^**	54.10^**	18.55^**	18.05^**
Slope			−0.16	−0.74	0.78^*	0.14	0.26^**	−0.35^*
Variances
Level			51.21^**	79.63^**	41.56^**	100.36^**	2.86^**	2.89^**
Slope			1.67	4.18	Fix @0	7.52^**	0.24	0.69
Covariance
Level, Slope			−1.43	1.86	Fix @0	−13.33^*	−0.61^**	0.17
Differences			b	s.e.	b	s.e.	b	s.e.
Level			4.53^*	1.95	3.23	1.99	−0.50	0.41
Slope			−0.58	0.76	−0.64	0.78	−0.60^**	0.23

Note: Class 1 = Non-parentification class, Class 2 = Parentification class; CCG = child caregiving; MCGC = maternal caregiving competence; PCGC = paternal caregiving competence; MC = maternal control (vs. autonomy support); PC = paternal control (vs. autonomy support);

^**

p<.01,

p<.05,

⁺

p=.05