Table 4:

Some Causes of Sympathetic Noradrenergic System (SNS) Underactivity or Hyperactivity

SNS Underactivity
Drugs
Diabetes
Cancer (paraneoplastic)
Parkinson’s disease (PD)
Multiple system atrophy (MSA)
Spinal cord injury
Pure autonomic failure (PAF)
Amyloidosis
Familial dysautonomia
Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase deficiency
Acquired sensory and autonomic neuropathy
Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy
SNS Hyperactivity
Drugs
Dehydration
Congestive heart failure
Blood volume depletion
Hypernoradrenergic hypertension
Hypothyroidism
Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS)
Pseudopheochromocytoma
Status post adrenalectomies
Baroreflex failure
Hypoadrenalism
Guillain-Barre syndrome