Table 1. Univariate analysis of potential risk factors for DES according to the presence and absence of dry eye symptoms.
| Parameters | No symptoms of dry eyes (OSDI score 0–12) N = 154 | Presence of symptoms of dry eyes (OSDI score >12) N = 374 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| OSDI score | 5.95±3.37 | 30.05±13.56 | < 0.001† |
| Age (years) | 20.73±1.60 | 20.38±1.68 | 0.130† |
| Sex (M:F) (n) | 90:64 | 162:212 | 0.002* |
| Myopia (%) | 72.7 | 81.0 | 0.035* |
| Glasses wear (%) | 68.2 | 76.7 | 0.041* |
| Contact lens wear (%) | 5.8 | 16.0 | 0.002* |
| • Daily contact lens | 4.5 | 6.4 | |
| • Monthly contact lens | 1.9 | 10.2 | |
| Hours of contact lens wear (hours/day) | 0.60±2.30 | 1.68±4.04 | 0.004† |
| Frequency of artificial tears used per day (times/day) | 0.12±0.71 | 0.28±0.84 | 0.001† |
| History of refractive surgery (%) | 0.6 | 1.6 | 0.679* |
| Duration of VDT use per day (hours) | 9.55±3.13 | 9.88±3.12 | 0.252† |
| Hours of paperwork per day (hours) | 0.95±1.31 | 0.88±1.04 | 0.997† |
| Stress score (T-PSS-10) | 12.84±5.72 | 16.27±5.69 | < 0.001† |
| Average incomplete blink-Total blink ratio of both eyes | 0.62±0.32 | 0.66±0.29 | 0.285 |
| Average lipid thickness of both eyes (nm) | 61.23±21.20 | 62.72±19.59 | 0.302 |
| Meibograde | |||
| Average Meibograde of all 4 eyelids (0–3 scale) | 0.84±0.59 | 0.87±0.63 | 0.665† |
| Meibomian Gland Tortuosity | |||
| Average Meibomian gland tortuosity of all 4 eyelids (0–4 scale) | 1.57±0.66 | 1.67±1.15 | 0.561† |
All data are expressed as mean ± SD, or percentage, as appropriate.
*P-value was calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis test.
†P-value was calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test.