FIGURE 5.

Schematic of STAT3 signaling in tumor microenvironment (TME). STAT3 activation has the ability in affecting TME via up‐ or downregulating downstream molecules and promoting tumor cell proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, immune evasion as the result. The functions of natural killer cell and dendritic cell in antigen presentation and target cell recognition are inhibited. While macrophage polarization toward M2‐like endotype and the immune checkpoint expression and proliferation of myeloid‐derived suppressor cell, cancer‐associated fibroblasts, and regulatory T‐cell are promoted by phosphorylated STAT3