Table 2.

Correlation analysis of human placental asprosin with maternal clinical parameters and neonatal birth information from IHC analysis. Spearman correlation analysis: weak correlation (W): r_S = 0.2–0.39; moderate correlation (M): r_S = 0.4– 0.59; strong correlation (S): r_S = 0.60–0.79.

Clinical parameter	Mean ± s.d.	Placental asprosin
	Min./Max.	rS	P-value	n
Maternal asprosin	9.23 ± 3.554.48/17.82	0.459M	0.0209a	25
Fetal umbilical asprosin	10.93 ± 3.925.39/19.00	0.249	0.230	25
Age (years)	34 ± 426/43	0.187	0.322	30
BMI (kg/m2)	27.74 ± 6.6616.21/41.32	0.684S	<0.0001b	NW = 11OW = 10OB = 9
GDM	X	0.000	>0.999	Non-GDM = 14GDM = 16
Exercise before pregnancy	X	−0.143	0.450	Yes = 14No = 16
Smoking before pregnancy	X	−0.005	0.978	Yes = 5No = 25
Insulin (mU/L)	14.6 ± 11.44.7/61.4	0.482M	0.0126a	26
Glucose (mg/dL)	73 ± 1144/93	0.204	0.307	27
HbA1c (%)	5.8 ± 1.64.9/13.9	0.350	0.0580	30
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	258 ± 9178/452	−0.362	0.0637	27
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	249 ± 48180/357	−0.237	0.234	27
LDL (mg/dL)	145 ± 4377/243	−0.126	0.606	19
HDL (mg/dL)	67 ± 1636/98	0.235	0.332	19
Cholesterol/HDL	3.9 ± 1.02.4/6.7	−0.206	0.399	19
Cortisol (µg/L)	301 ± 89183/583	−0.247	0.225	26
Placental weight [g)	722.1 ± 139.0468.2/1024.2	0.025	0.895	30
Gestational age at birth (week)	39.2 ± 0.637.4/40.1	0.288	0.122	30
Sex of child	X	0.004	0.983	♀ = 11♂ = 19
Birth weight (g)	3658 ± 4292990/4660	0.301	0.107	30
Birth weight percentile (%)	63 ± 2412/99	0.258	0.169	30
Birth length (cm)	53 ± 349/62	0.114	0.550	30

^aP  < 0.05; ^bP  < 0.0001; Significant results were indicated in bold.

GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; NW, normal weight (BMI <25); OB, obese (BMI >30); OW, overweight (BMI, 25–30).