Table 2.

Studies of mitochondrial respiration: OXPHOS.

Mitochondrial respiration: OXPHOS assessment	Population	Tissue		Study
		Skeletal muscle	Adipose tissue
OXPHOS gene expression	16 obese insulin-resistant PCOS 13 age- and BMI-matched healthy ctrls	↓	–	(Skov et al. 2007)
	16 overweight and obese PCOS 13 fat mass- and BMI-matched ctrls	↔	–	(Hutchison et al. 2012)
OXPHOS protein abundance	16 overweight and obese PCOS 13 fat mass- and BMI-matched ctrls	↔	–	(Hutchison et al. 2012)
ATP synthesis	8 insulin-resistant PCOS 8 weight- and age-matched healthy ctrls	↔ (myotubes)	–	(Eriksen et al. 2011)
Respiration (state 3)	23 PCOS (9 lean and 14 obese) 17 age- and weight-matched ctrls (6 lean and 11 obese)	↔	–	(Rabøl et al. 2011)
	25 obese insulin-resistant PCOS 14 lean insulin-sensitive ctrls	↔	–	(Konopka et al. 2015)
	18 PCOS 15 age- and BMI-matched ctrls	–	↔ (subcutaneous gluteal)	(Lionett et al. 2021)
	16 PCOS 10 age- and BMI-matched ctrls	–	↓ (subcutaneous abdominal)	(Lionett et al. 2021)
Respiration (state 4)	25 obese insulin-resistant PCOS 14 lean insulin-sensitive ctrls	↑	–	(Konopka et al. 2015)
Uncoupling control ratio (electron transport capacity)	23 PCOS (9 lean and 14 obese) 17 age- and weight-matched ctrls (6 lean and 11 obese)	↑ (in obese controls than any other group)	–	(Rabøl et al. 2011)
Uncoupled respiration (maximal electron flux capacity)	14 obese PCOS 11 age- and weight-matched ctrls	↓	–	(Rabøl et al. 2011)
	9 lean PCOS 6 age- and weight-matched ctrls	↔	–	(Rabøl et al. 2011)
	25 obese insulin-resistant PCOS 14 lean insulin-sensitive ctrls	↔	–	(Konopka et al. 2015)
Phosphorylation efficiency (ADP:O)	25 obese insulin-resistant PCOS 14 lean insulin-sensitive ctrls	↓	–	(Konopka et al. 2015)
Coupling efficiency	25 obese insulin-resistant PCOS 14 lean insulin-sensitive ctrls	↓	–	(Konopka et al. 2015)

(↔), no differences; (↓), downregulation; (↑), upregulation; (–), not measured; PCOS, women with PCOS; ctrls, control women.