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. 2022 Mar 23;8(12):eabm7103. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7103

Fig. 1. Skyrmion creation as a function of the out-of-plane magnetic field at room temperature.

Fig. 1.

(A) Structural model of FCGT viewed along the a axis. Fe1a site, Fe2 site, Fe3 site, and Fe1b site are marked by orange, red, green, and blue circles, respectively. (B) Experimental atomic resolution HAADF-STEM image (left) and the corresponding STEM–energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) map (right). The STEM-EDS map is shown as a composite overlay of Fe, Co, Ge, and Te with red, green, blue, and yellow color maps, respectively. (C) Hysteresis curve of a 110-nm-thick FCGT flake and the corresponding Lorentz TEM images at various applied fields. The red (blue) curve indicates the direction for decreasing (increasing) magnetic fields. The contrast change between 0° and 18° tilt reveals the Néel character. Scale bars, 500 nm. (D) Magnetic induction field map of isolated skyrmions in a 110-nm-thick flakes obtained using 4D-LSTEM along with an EMPAD, with applied fields of 139 mT. The color and arrows indicate induction field components perpendicular to the beam propagation direction of Neél skyrmions at an 18° tilt.