Figure 4.

Co-prevalence of COVID-19, tuberculosis, HIV, and non-communicable diseases

(A) Euler diagram of the estimated prevalence of HIV, current tuberculosis, and non-communicable comorbid conditions in patients admitted to hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection by age group. (B) Forest plot of the effect of HIV and active tuberculosis on the risk of mortality associated with COVID-19. Multivariable analysis of factors associated with COVID-19 in-hospital mortality from published South African data is shown.59, 60 The model adjusted for age, sex, race, other comorbid conditions, health sector, province, and month of admission. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs are shown for HIV only, current tuberculosis only, and HIV and tuberculosis co-infection. Values that overlap between comorbidities are noted in the appendix (p 13).