Table 2.

Association between unhealthy eating by NOVA system and sleep quality in adults during the covid-19 pandemic.

Food consumption score	Min. and max. values	Frequency (95% CI)	Unadjusted analysis			Adjusted analysisc
			OR	95% CI	p-trendd	OR	95% CI	p-trendd
Quartile scorea
Q1	0–4	21.4 (17.7–25.5)	1.00	–	0.056	1.00	-	0.013
Q2	5–8	28.6 (23.8–33.9)	1.43	0.82–2.49		1.54	0.82–2.87
Q3	9–12	24.1 (20.2–28.6)	1.44	0.92–2.24		1.71	1.03–2.85
Q4	13–30	25.9 (21.3–31.1)	2.01	1.09–3.73		2.44	1.32–4.50
Replaced lunch or dinner for UPFb
Not replace lunch		98.9 (98.1–99.4)	1.00	-		1.00	–
Replace lunch with UPF		1.1 (0.6–1.9)	2.07	0.72–5.92		1.45	0.42–5.01
Not replace dinner		85.4 (81.9–88.4)	1.00	-		1.00	–
Replace dinner with UPF		14.6 (11.6–18.2)	2.15	1.27–3.46		2.01	1.14–3.57

UPF: Ultra-processed foods.

^aQuartiles of food consumption score distribution. Q1 are the lowest values of the score, characterized by the highest consumption of fresh and minimally processed foods and highest consumption of ultra-processed foods. Q4 are the highest values of the score, characterized by the lowest consumption of fresh and minimally processed foods and the highest consumption of ultra-processed foods.

^bReplaced lunch and/or dinner, a home cooked meal, mostly prepared with fresh/minimally processed foods, to ultra-processed foods, for five or more days in the week.

^cAdjusted analysis by the following minimum set of variables: age, sex, family income, marital status, and anxiety symptoms.

^dLinear trend tests.