Table 5.
Statistical analysis of nailfold videocapillaroscopy abnormalities in COVID-19 survivors, primary Raynaud's phenomenon patients, and control subjects.
| Mild - Moderate COVID-19 |
Severe COVID-19 |
PRP | Controls | P univariate | P multivariatea | p-valueb | RRb | p-valuec | RRc | p-valued | RRd | p-valuee | RRe | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 34 | 27 | 31 | 30 | ||||||||||
| NVC SCORES | ||||||||||||||
| Dilated capillaries | ||||||||||||||
| Normal | 1 (2.9%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0.46 | 0.73 | n.s. | – | n.s. | – | n.s. | – | n.s. | – |
| Abnormal | 33 (97.1%) |
27 (100%) |
31 (100%) |
30 (100%) |
||||||||||
| Microhemorrhages | ||||||||||||||
| Normal | 23 (67.6%) |
21 (77.8%) |
11 (35.5%) |
16 (53.3%) |
0.005 | 0.012 | 0.02 | 0.27 | 0.004 | 0.12 | n.s. | – | 0.06 | 0.23 |
| Abnormal | 11 (32.4%) |
6 (22.2%) |
20 (64.5%) |
14 (46.7%) |
||||||||||
| Giant capillaries | ||||||||||||||
| Normal | 34 (100%) |
27 (100%) |
31 (100%) |
30 (100%) |
– | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Abnormal | 0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
||||||||||
| Capillary ramifications | ||||||||||||||
| Normal | 29 (85.3%) |
19 (70.4%) |
27 (87.1%) |
23 (76.7%) |
0.34 | 0.40 | n.s. | – | n.s. | – | n.s. | – | n.s. | – |
| Abnormal | 5 (14.7%) |
8 (29.6%) |
4 (12.9%) |
7 (23.3%) |
||||||||||
| Capillary number | ||||||||||||||
| Normal | 33 (97.1%) |
22 (81.5%) |
31 (100%) |
30 (100%) |
0.005 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Abnormal | 1 (2.9%) |
5 (18.5%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
||||||||||
| ABSOLUTE CAPILLARY NUMBER PER LINEAR MILLIMETER |
8.44 ± 0.75 |
8.22 ± 1.15 |
8.74 ± 0.68 |
9.30 ± 0.53 |
<0.001 |
<0.001 |
n.s. |
- |
0.038 |
2.75 |
<0.001 |
7.76 |
<0.001 |
11.18 |
P-values equal or lower than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, habits, comorbidities and concomitant drugs. NVC: nailfold videocapillaroscopy. PRP: primary Raynaud's phenomenon. RR: risk ratio. Normal: NVC semiquantitative rating of abnormalities = 0. Abnormal: NVC semiquantitative rating of abnormalities between 1 and 3.
P-values comparisons between mild-moderate COVID-19 survivors and PRP patients.
P-values comparisons between severe COVID-19 survivors and PRP patients.
P-values comparisons between mild-moderate COVID-19 survivors and controls.
P-values comparisons between severe COVID-19 survivors and controls.